ArticleAIDS (London, England)2018
Progressive lentivirus infection induces natural killer cell receptor-expressing B cells in the gastrointestinal tract.
Article in AIDS (London, England), 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Single-Cell RNA-seq Analysis Reveals Distinct Tumor and Immunosuppressive T-Cell Phenotypes in Patients with CLL Treated with Ibrutinib.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2026Article
- A Microbiota- and IL-15-Dependent Innate-Like B Cell Progenitor Expressing E4BP4.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Article
- Natural killer-like B cells are a distinct but infrequent innate immune cell subset modulated by SIV infection of rhesus macaques.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Noncanonical B Cells: Characteristics of Uncharacteristic B Cells.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2023Review
- Innate adaptive immune cell dynamics in tonsillar tissues during chronic SIV infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Presence of Natural Killer B Cells in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Colon That Have Properties and Functions Similar to Those of Natural Killer Cells and B Cells but Are a Distinct Cell Population.Journal of virology · 2022Article
- NKB cells: A double-edged sword against inflammatory diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- RNA Flow Cytometry for the Study of T Cell Metabolism.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Natural Killer-Like B Cells Secreting Interleukin-18 Induces a Proinflammatory Response in Periodontitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Molecular definition of group 1 innate lymphoid cells in the mouse uterus.Nature communications · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveRecently, a seemingly novel innate immune cell subset bearing features of natural killer and B cells was identified in mice. So-called NKB cells appear as first responders to infections, but whether this cell population is truly novel or is in fact a subpopulation of B cells and exists in higher primates remains unclear. The objective of this study was to identify NKB cells in primates and study the impact of HIV/SIV infections. DESIGN AND
methodsNKB cells were quantified in both naive and lentivirus infected rhesus macaques and humans by excluding lineage markers (CD3, CD127) and positive Boolean gating for CD20, NKG2A/C and/or NKp46. Additional phenotypic measures were conducted by RNA-probe and traditional flow cytometry.
resultsCirculating cytotoxic NKB cells were found at similar frequencies in humans and rhesus macaques (range, 0.01-0.2% of total lymphocytes). NKB cells were notably enriched in spleen (median, 0.4% of lymphocytes), but were otherwise systemically distributed in tonsil, lymph nodes, colon, and jejunum. Expression of immunoglobulin was highly variable, but heavily favoured IgM and IgA rather than IgG. Interestingly, NKB cell frequencies expanded in PBMC and colon during SIV infection, as did IgG expression, but were generally unaltered in HIV-infected humans.
conclusionThese results suggest a cell type expressing both natural killer and B-cell features exists in rhesus macaques and humans and are perturbed by HIV/SIV infection. The full functional niche remains unknown, but the unique phenotype and systemic distribution could make NKB cells unique targets for immunotherapeutics or vaccine strategies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.