ArticleCancer medicine2018
Pattern and risk factors for distant metastases in gastrointestinal neuroendocrine neoplasms: a population-based study.
Article in Cancer medicine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
What it found
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed.
- Respiratory muscle training with electronic devices in the postoperative period of hepatectomy: A randomized study.World journal of hepatology · 2023Trial
- PET/CT contouring techniques in neuroendocrine neoplasms: a state-of-the-art scoping review.EJNMMI reports · 2026Review
- Prognostic impact of primary tumor resection and nomogram development for survival prediction in colonic neuroendocrine carcinoma patients with liver metastasis: a SEER database-based study.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Intraoperative hepatic ultrasonography in patients with gastrointestinal and pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms without preoperative evidence of liver metastases.Journal of neuroendocrinology · 2025Article
- Size matters: Establishing a cut-off for rectal neuroendocrine neoplasm to predict recurrence and standardize surveillance guidelines.Digestive endoscopy : official journal of the Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society · 2025Article
- Larger Tumor Size and Elevated Serum Chromogranin A Levels Predict Metastatic Disease on DOTATATE Imaging in Patients with Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors.Annals of surgical oncology · 2024Article
- Value of Surgical Cytoreduction in Patients with Small Intestinal Neuroendocrine Tumors Metastatic to the Liver and Peritoneum.Annals of surgical oncology · 2024Article
- Assessing the effectiveness and safety of surufatinib versus everolimus or sunitinib in advanced neuroendocrine neoplasms: insights from a real-world, retrospective cohort study using propensity score and inverse probability treatment weighting analysis.Journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2024Article
- Comparison of clinicopathological features and survival analysis between esophageal neuroendocrine carcinoma and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma based on the SEER database, alongside nomogram analysis for esophageal neuroendocrine carcinoma.Journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2023Article
- Transcatheter arterial embolization in patients with neuroendocrine neoplasms related to liver metastasis with different blood supplies.Cancer medicine · 2023Article
- Comparison of Metastatic Patterns Among Neuroendocrine Tumors, Neuroendocrine Carcinomas, and Nonneuroendocrine Carcinomas of Various Primary Organs.Journal of Korean medical science · 2023Article
- Clinicopathologic characteristics of neuroendocrine tumors with assessment by digital image analysis for Ki-67 index with a focus on the gastroenteropancreatic tract: a single-center study.International journal of clinical and experimental pathology · 2023Article
- Whole-body MRI in oncology: can a single anatomic T2 Dixon sequence replace the combination of T1 and STIR sequences to detect skeletal metastasis and myeloma?European radiology · 2023Article
- Review
- Neuroendocrine hepatic metastatic disease: the surgeon's perspective.Abdominal radiology (New York) · 2022Article
- Visceral Obesity Is Associated with Shorter Progression-Free Survival in Well-Differentiated Gastro-Entero-Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasia.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Neuroendocrine Carcinomas of the Uterine Cervix, Endometrium, and Ovary Show Higher Tendencies for Bone, Brain, and Liver Organotrophic Metastases.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2022Article
- Role of surgical treatments in high-grade or advanced gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms.World journal of gastrointestinal surgery · 2022Review
- Are We Undertreating Black Patients with Nonfunctional Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors? Critical Analysis of Current Surveillance Guidelines by Race.Journal of the American College of Surgeons · 2022Article
- Non-colorectal liver metastases: A review of interventional and surgical treatment modalities.Frontiers in surgery · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
An increased incidence of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine neoplasms (GI-NENs) has been reported worldwide, and metastasis is the leading cause of GI-NEN-related death. Studies of different metastatic patterns in patients with different primary sites are limited. A population-based retrospective cohort study was conducted with the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Patients with a GI-NEN diagnosis between 2010 and 2014 were included. All statistical analyses were performed using Intercooled Stata 12.0 software. There were 12,501 patients eligible for analysis. The metastatic status, primary sites, and histology types affected the patients' overall survival. The liver was the most common metastasis site (65.21% of patients with metastases). Esophageal NENs had the highest risk of metastasis (49.35%), whereas appendiceal NENs had the lowest risk of metastasis (2.79%). Neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs) were more likely to develop metastatic disease than were neuroendocrine tumors (NETs); 7.12% of patients with NET and 30.20% of patients with NEC developed metastatic disease. The metastatic patterns varied according to the different primary sites and histology types. NECs had a higher potential to develop extrahepatic metastasis at all primary sites than did NETs. Regarding the choice of treatment, surgical resection of primary lesions lowered the risk of tumor-specific death (HR = 0.37, CI: 0.30-0.46, P < 0.01), but surgical resection of metastatic sites did not confer an extra survival benefit (HR = 0.82, CI: 0.63-1.06, P = 0.14). Different primary sites and histology types of GI-NENs have different metastatic patterns and survival. This knowledge could help clinicians to identify patients who require extra surveillance, provide insight for future studies on the mechanisms of metastasis, and establish a prognostic prediction model.
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