Observational studyJournal of neuro-oncology2018
PD-1/PD-L1 and immune-related gene expression pattern in pediatric malignant brain tumors: clinical correlation with survival data in Korean population.
Observational study in Journal of neuro-oncology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- The current status of immune checkpoint inhibitors in pediatric CNS tumors: a systematic review with a representative case of CMMRD-associated glioma.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2025Pooled it
- PD-L1 Expression in Glioblastoma, the Clinical and Prognostic Significance: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2020Pooled it
- The role of clinical factors and immunocheckpoint molecules in the prognosis of patients with supratentorial extraventricular ependymoma: a single-center retrospective study.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2021Trial
- Immune checkpoint inhibition for pediatric patients with recurrent/refractory CNS tumors: a single institution experience.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2020Trial
- From developmental origins to relapse: molecular and therapeutic insights in medulloblastoma.Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery · 2026Review
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors in medulloblastoma: current updates in preclinical and clinical developments.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Immunotherapy in central nervous system tumors.International journal of surgery (London, England) · 2025Review
- CD4 T cells correlate with better prognosis in medulloblastoma.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Chemotherapy in pediatric brain tumor and the challenge of the blood-brain barrier.Cancer medicine · 2023Review
- Current advances in immunotherapy for atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (ATRT).Neuro-oncology practice · 2023Review
- Immunobiology and Cytokine Modulation of the Pediatric Brain Tumor Microenvironment: A Scoping Review.Cancers · 2023Article
- The Role of Immunotherapy in the Treatment of Rare Central Nervous System Tumors.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2023Review
- Digital expression profile of immune checkpoint genes in medulloblastomas identifies CD24 and CD276 as putative immunotherapy targets.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Multidisciplinary management of pediatric malignant rhabdoid tumor based on 5 years of experience at a tertiary care center.Pediatric surgery international · 2022Article
- Review
- Conventional Therapies Deplete Brain-Infiltrating Adaptive Immune Cells in a Mouse Model of Group 3 Medulloblastoma Implicating Myeloid Cells as Favorable Immunotherapy Targets.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Immunohistochemical screening for mismatch repair protein deficiency in paediatric high-grade gliomas - institutional experience and review of literature.Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery · 2021Review
- Classification of pediatric gliomas based on immunological profiling: implications for immunotherapy strategies.Molecular therapy oncolytics · 2021Article
- Immunotherapy for Medulloblastoma: Current Perspectives.ImmunoTargets and therapy · 2020Review
- Three Immune-Associated Subtypes of Diffuse Glioma Differ in Immune Infiltration, Immune Checkpoint Molecules, and Prognosis.Frontiers in oncology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPD-L1 expression has been evaluated as a predictive biomarker for immunotherapy in numerous tumor types. However, very limited data are available in pediatric brain tumors. The aim of this study was to characterize PD-1 and PD-L1 expressions of four pediatric malignant brain tumors and gene expression profile.
methodsThis study included 89 pediatric patients receiving standard treatment at Seoul National University Children's Hospital and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital between 1990 and 2014: atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) 20; ependymoma (EPN) 20; high grade glioma (HGG) 21; and medulloblastoma (MBL) 28. We performed immunohistochemistry assays for PD-1 and PD-L1. To characterize the gene expression, a custom immune-response focused gene panel was used.
resultsPD-1 expression was positive in 7 (35%) AT/RT, 7 (35%) EPN, 4 (19%) HGG, and 3 (11%) MBL patients. PD-L1 expression was positive in 8 (40%) AT/RT, 4 (20%) EPN, and 4 (19%) HGG; negative in all MBL patients. There was no statistically significant difference in the overall survival of PD-L1 positive patients. The gene expression analysis demonstrated differences in two clustering functional categories: cell-cell signaling and antigen presentation pathway.
conclusionsAT/RT, EPN, and HGG showed a relatively higher expression rate of PD-L1 (19-40%). This suggests these tumor types might be good candidates for PD-1 checkpoint blockade. We determined that gene expression may potentially serve as a molecular tool in predicting which patients will respond to immunotherapy. Further investigation is required to better understand the predictive and prognostic role of PD-L1 in pediatric brain tumors.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.