ArticleThe Journal of investigative dermatology2018
Fractional Sunburn Threshold UVR Doses Generate Equivalent Vitamin D and DNA Damage in Skin Types I-VI but with Epidermal DNA Damage Gradient Correlated to Skin Darkness.
Article in The Journal of investigative dermatology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vitamin D and the hepatitis B vaccine response: a prospective cohort study and a randomized, placebo-controlled oral vitamin DEuropean journal of nutrition · 2021Trial
- Optimal sunscreen use, during a sun holiday with a very high ultraviolet index, allows vitamin D synthesis without sunburn.The British journal of dermatology · 2019Trial
- Acute impact of afamelanotide on UVR erythemal and melanogenic responses in healthy humans in vivo: an exploratory study.Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology · 2026Article
- SkinApplied and environmental microbiology · 2026Article
- Article
- Photoaging: Current Concepts on Molecular Mechanisms, Prevention, and Treatment.American journal of clinical dermatology · 2025Review
- A Comprehensive Review of the Role of UV Radiation in Photoaging Processes Between Different Types of Skin.Cureus · 2025Review
- Comparative Analysis of Efficacy of Lactic Acid 30% with Ferulic Peel 12% (Combination Peel) Versus TCA 10% with Ferulic Peel 12% (Combination Peel) for Photoageing Skin.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2024Article
- Article
- Irradiation of human oral mucosa by 233 nm far UV-C LEDs for the safe inactivation of nosocomial pathogens.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Vitamin D and Sun Exposure: A Community Survey in Australia.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2023Article
- Nucleic acid adductomics - The next generation of adductomics towards assessing environmental health risks.The Science of the total environment · 2023Article
- Effects of donkey milk on UVB-induced skin barrier damage and melanin pigmentation: A network pharmacology and experimental validation study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Article
- DNA photoproducts released by repair in biological fluids as biomarkers of the genotoxicity of UV radiation.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2022Article
- A newly developed and validated LC-MS/MS method for measuring 7-dehydrocholesterol (7DHC) concentration in human skin: a tool for vitamin D photobiology research.Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology · 2022Article
- Application of 233 nm far-UVC LEDs for eradication of MRSA and MSSA and risk assessment on skin models.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Vitamin D and Pigmented Skin.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Article
- 100 YEARS OF VITAMIN D: Dose-response for change in 25-hydroxyvitamin D after UV exposure: outcome of a systematic review.Endocrine connections · 2021Review
- A revised action spectrum for vitamin D synthesis by suberythemal UV radiation exposure in humans in vivo.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Public health guidance recommends limiting sun exposure to sub-sunburn levels, but it is unknown whether these can gain vitamin D (for musculoskeletal health) while avoiding epidermal DNA damage (initiates skin cancer). Well-characterized healthy humans of all skin types (I-VI, lightest to darkest skin) were exposed to a low-dose series of solar simulated UVR of 20%-80% their individual sunburn threshold dose (minimal erythema dose). Significant UVR dose responses were seen for serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and whole epidermal cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs), with as little as 0.2 minimal erythema dose concurrently producing 25-hydroxyvitamin D and CPD. Fractional MEDs generated equivalent levels of whole epidermal CPD and 25-hydroxyvitamin D across all skin types. Crucially, we showed an epidermal gradient of CPD formation strongly correlated with skin darkness (r = 0.74, P < 0.0001), which reflected melanin content and showed increasing protection across the skin types, ranging from darkest skin, where high CPD levels occurred superficially, with none in the germinative basal layer, to lightest skin, where CPD levels were induced evenly across the epidermal depth. People with darker skin can be encouraged to use sub-sunburn UVR-exposure to enhance their vitamin D. In people with lighter skin, basal cell damage occurs concurrent with vitamin D synthesis at exquisitely low UVR levels, providing an explanation for their high skin cancer incidence; greater caution is required.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.