ArticleAddictive behaviors2018
Income as a moderator of psychological stress and nicotine dependence among adult smokers.
Article in Addictive behaviors, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed.
- Health professional's perception of a smoking cessation intervention among disadvantaged patients participating in a pragmatic randomized trial.BMC health services research · 2023Trial
- Daily adherence to nicotine replacement therapy in low-income smokers: The role of gender, negative mood, motivation, and self-efficacy.Addictive behaviors · 2023Trial
- Effects of Very Low Nicotine Content Cigarette use on Cigarette Reinforcement among Smokers with Serious Mental Illness.Addictive behaviors · 2022Trial
- Association of Tobacco Use During Pregnancy, Perceived Stress, and Depression Among Alaska Native Women Participants in the Healthy Pregnancies Project.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2020Trial
- Association of food insecurity with the use of tobacco products and urine cotinine-measured smoking intensity: evidence from a population-based study in South Korea, 2019-2021.Tobacco control · 2026Article
- Psychological mechanisms of behavioral change: Trajectories of self-efficacy and motivation among Tunisian health science students using a mobile application to quit smoking - A prospective observational study.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Neighborhood factors associated with late effects among survivors of adolescent and young adult cancer.Journal of cancer survivorship : research and practice · 2025Article
- Rethinking Smoking and Quitting in Low-Income Contexts: A Qualitative Analysis with Implications for Practice and Policy.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Does physical exercise inhibit smoking behavior? Evidence from the China General Social Survey.Frontiers in public health · 2025Observational
- Higher nicotine dependence and greater smoking abstinence in parental than non-parental smokers: a secondary analysis of smoking cessation trials.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Evaluating the indirect roles of anxiety and depressive symptoms in the relations between negative emotional reactivity to racial/ethnic stress and cigarette smoking among Hispanic adults who smoke.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2024Article
- Impact of smokeless tobacco on psychological and oxidative stress in unemployed indian youth.Amino acids · 2024Article
- The Necessity of Taking Culture and Context into Account When Studying the Relationship between Socioeconomic Status and Brain Development.Brain sciences · 2024Review
- The association of psychological distress and economic and health worries with tobacco smoking behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic: a two-year longitudinal cohort study.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Personality traits and high cigarette dependence among university students: Insights from Lebanon.PloS one · 2024Article
- Association between maternal e-cigarette use during pregnancy and low gestational weight gain.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2023Article
- Associations between relative deprivation with opioid use among working-age adults during the great recession.Journal of psychiatric research · 2023Article
- Article
- Dental Student's Awareness and Perception toward Nicotine Replacement Therapy in Riyadh Region Saudi Arabia.Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences · 2022Article
- Educational Attainment and Lifestyle Risk Factors Associated With All-Cause Mortality in the US.JAMA health forum · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPerceived stress and psychological distress are associated with more cigarette craving and withdrawal, higher nicotine dependence, and less success during quit attempts. Low income smokers have disproportionately higher rates of smoking and may be particularly vulnerable to the effects of stress on smoking dependence. The aim of the current study was to assess if lower income smokers have a stronger association between stress and nicotine dependence than higher income smokers.
methodsData were obtained from the Pennsylvania Adult Smoking Study, which included 351 daily smokers. Subjects completed PhenX Toolkit and other self-report measures of socioeconomic factors, the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale, Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6), Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND), and the Hooked on Nicotine Checklist (HONC). Moderation analyses using linear regression examined income-related differences in the association between stress and nicotine dependence.
resultsIncome groups were categorized by an annual household income of $50,000 based on visual-inspection of scatter plots of income by nicotine dependence. Compared to higher income smokers, lower income smokers had significantly higher mean levels of nicotine dependence on the FTND [3.74 vs. 4.79, p < 0.001], perceived stress [15.63 vs. 17.95, p = 0.004], and psychological distress [5.30 vs. 6.86, p = 0.001], respectively. There were interaction effects, such that lower income smokers had a strong, positive associations between FTND and perceived stress (B = -0.11, CI = -0.17 to -0.04, p = 0.002) and psychological distress (B = -0.13, CI = -0.25 to -0.02, p = 0.022) whereas no association was found in higher income smokers. No significant moderation effects were found for the HONC or when income groups were categorized by U.S. federal poverty level.
conclusionsThe results highlight that the relationship between increasing stress and FTND was found in lower but not higher income groups. Future research should examine socioeconomic, environmental and psychosocial factors that may facilitate increased smoking during stress-induced craving.
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