Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29728063›Full record

ArticleBMC infectious diseases2018

Antibiotic prescribing behavior among general practitioners - a questionnaire-based study in Germany.

Florian Salm, Sandra Schneider, Katja Schmücker, Inga Petruschke, Tobias S Kramer, Regina Hanke, Christin Schröder, Christoph Heintze, Ulrich Schwantes, Petra Gastmeier and 2 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
27citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
7.2field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 67 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Antimicrobial stewardship at a tertiary center in Portugal: insights from prescribers.Antimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE · 2026
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  7. Review
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  14. Assessment of knowledge, attitude, and practice of antibiotics prescription among healthcare residents at King Abdulaziz medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society · 2023
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.

Florian SalmInstitute for Infection Prevention and Hospital Epidemiology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Breisacher Str. 115 B, D-79106, Freiburg, Germany. florian.salm@uniklinik-freiburg.de.
Sandra SchneiderInstitute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Charité University Medical Center Berlin, German National Reference Center for the Surveillance of Nosocomial Infections, Hindenburgdamm 27, D-12203, Berlin, Germany.
Katja SchmückerInstitute of General Practice and Family Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, School of Medicine, Bachstrasse 18, D-07743, Jena, Germany.
Inga PetruschkeInstitute of General Practice and Family Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, School of Medicine, Bachstrasse 18, D-07743, Jena, Germany.
Tobias S KramerInstitute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Charité University Medical Center Berlin, German National Reference Center for the Surveillance of Nosocomial Infections, Hindenburgdamm 27, D-12203, Berlin, Germany.
Regina HankeInstitute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Charité University Medical Center Berlin, German National Reference Center for the Surveillance of Nosocomial Infections, Hindenburgdamm 27, D-12203, Berlin, Germany.
Christin SchröderInstitute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Charité University Medical Center Berlin, German National Reference Center for the Surveillance of Nosocomial Infections, Hindenburgdamm 27, D-12203, Berlin, Germany.
Christoph HeintzeInstitute Institute for General Practice and Family Medicine, Charité University Medical Center Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117, Berlin, Germany.
Ulrich SchwantesMedizinische Hochschule Brandenburg Theodor Fontane, Fehrbelliner Str. 38, D-16816, Neuruppin, Germany.
Petra GastmeierInstitute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Charité University Medical Center Berlin, German National Reference Center for the Surveillance of Nosocomial Infections, Hindenburgdamm 27, D-12203, Berlin, Germany.
Jochen GensichenInstitute for General Practice, Ludwig-Maxilmilians-University/University Hospital, Pettenkofer str.8/10, D-80336, Munich, Germany.
RAI-Study Group
Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin · DEJena University Hospital · DEMedizinische Hochschule Brandenburg Theodor Fontane · DEUniversity Medical Center Freiburg · DEUniversity of Freiburg · DE

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThis study investigates the barriers and facilitators of the use of antibiotics in acute respiratory tract infections by general practitioners (GPs) in Germany.

methodsA multidisciplinary team designed and pre-tested a written questionnaire addressing the topics awareness of antimicrobial resistance (7 items), use of antibiotics (9 items), guidelines/sources of information (9 items) and sociodemographic factors (7 items), using a five-point-Likert-scale ("never" to "very often"). The questionnaire was mailed by postally to 987 GPs with registered practices in eastern Germany in May 2015.

results34% (340/987) of the GPs responded to this survey. Most of the participants assumed a multifactorial origin for the rise of multidrug resistant organisms. In addition, 70.2% (239/340) believed that their own prescribing behavior influenced the drug-resistance situation in their area. GPs with longer work experience (> 25 years) assumed less individual influence on drug resistance than their colleagues with less than 7 years experience as practicing physicians (Odds Ratio [OR] 0.32, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 0.17-0.62; P < 0.001). 99.1% (337/340) of participants were familiar with the "delayed prescription" strategy to reduce antibiotic prescriptions. However, only 29.4% (74/340) answered that they apply it "often" or "very often". GPs working in rural areas were less likely than those working in urban areas to apply delayed prescription.

conclusionThe knowledge on factors causing antimicrobial resistance in bacteria is good among GPs in eastern Germany. However measures to improve rational prescription are not widely implemented yet. Further efforts have to be made in order to improve rational prescription of antibiotic among GPs. Nevertheless, there is a strong awareness of antimicrobial resistance among the participating GPs.

Indexed as

Drug PrescriptionsGeneral PractitionersPractice Patterns, Physicians'AdultAnti-Bacterial AgentsDrug Resistance, BacterialFemaleGermanyHumansMaleMiddle AgedOdds RatioPractice Guidelines as TopicRespiratory Tract InfectionsSurveys and QuestionnairesAnti-Bacterial AgentsAntibiotic policyAntibiotic therapyAntimicrobial resistancePrimary care

Identifiers

PMID29728063
PMCPMC5935909
OpenAlexW2802536988

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.