ArticleThe Science of the total environment2018
Contamination profiles, mass loadings, and sewage epidemiology of neuropsychiatric and illicit drugs in wastewater and river waters from a community in the Midwestern United States.
Article in The Science of the total environment, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 134 citations in OpenAlex.
- A global systematic review and meta-analysis on illicit drug consumption rate through wastewater-based epidemiology.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2020Pooled it
- Development of an HPLC-HRMS Method for the Identification and Semi-Quantitation in River Water Samples of the Transformation Products Originated From Heterogeneous Photocatalysis of Antipsychotic Drugs.Journal of separation science · 2025Article
- Article
- Estimation of the prevalence of substance use by wastewater-based epidemiology study in four cities of Guangdong, China.PloS one · 2025Article
- Stability and Degradation of Opioids in River Water.ACS omega · 2024Article
- Target and Nontarget Screening to Support Capacity Scaling for Substance Use Assessment through a Statewide Wastewater Surveillance Network in New York.Environmental science & technology · 2024Article
- Review
- Long-term wastewater-based surveillance and impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on drug use trends in a U.S. Northeast rural town.The Science of the total environment · 2023Article
- Knowledge graph of wastewater-based epidemiology development: A data-driven analysis based on research topics and trends.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2023Review
- Occurrence of Z-drugs, benzodiazepines, and ketamine in wastewater in the United States and Mexico during the Covid-19 pandemic.The Science of the total environment · 2023Article
- Automatic analytical approach for the determination of 12 illicit drugs and nicotine metabolites in wastewater using on-line SPE-UHPLC-MS/MS.Journal of pharmaceutical analysis · 2021Article
- Analysis of 39 drugs and metabolites, including 8 glucuronide conjugates, in an upstream wastewater network via HPLC-MS/MS.Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences · 2021Article
- Gene alteration in zebrafish exposed to a mixture of substances of abuse.Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) · 2021Article
- Determination of illicit drugs and psychoactive pharmaceuticals in wastewater from the area of Thessaloniki (Greece) using LC-MS/MS: estimation of drug consumption.Environmental monitoring and assessment · 2021Article
- Tracing consumption patterns of stimulants, opioids, and ketamine in China by wastewater-based epidemiology.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2021Article
- Comparison of community illicit drug use in 11 cities of Turkey through wastewater-based epidemiology.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2021Article
- Basketball and drugs: Wastewater-based epidemiological estimation of discharged drugs during basketball games in Kentucky.The Science of the total environment · 2021Article
- Prevalence of illicit and prescribed neuropsychiatric drugs in three communities in Kentucky using wastewater-based epidemiology and Monte Carlo simulation for the estimation of associated uncertainties.Journal of hazardous materials · 2020Article
- Monitoring Consumption of Common Illicit Drugs in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, by Wastewater-Cased Epidemiology.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Interpol review of controlled substances 2016-2019.Forensic science international. Synergy · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
In this study, residues of the neuropsychiatric and illicit drugs including stimulants, opioids, hallucinogens, antischizophrenics, sedatives, and antidepressants were determined in influent and effluent samples from a small wastewater treatment plant, a receiving creek, and river waters in the Four Rivers region of the Midwestern United States. Nineteen neuropsychiatric drugs, eight illicit drugs, and three metabolites of illicit drugs were detected and quantitated in the water samples using HPLC-MS/MS. Residual concentrations of the drugs varied from below the detection limit to sub-μg/L levels. The source of residual cocaine and benzoylecgonine in wastewater is primarily from human consumption of cocaine rather than direct disposal. Wastewater based epidemiology is utilized to estimate the community usage of drugs based on the concentration of drug residues in wastewater, wastewater inflow, and the population served by the centralized wastewater treatment plant. The per-capita consumption rate of methamphetamine (1740 mg/d/1000 people) and amphetamine (970 mg/d/1000 people) found in this study were the highest reported per-capita consumption rates in the USA. Antidepressant venlafaxine found to have the highest environmental emission from the WWTP (333 ± 160 mg/d/1000 people) followed by citalopram (132 ± 60.2 mg/d/1000 people), methamphetamine (111 ± 43.6 mg/d/1000 people), and hydrocodone (108 ± 90.1 mg/d/1000 people). Bee Creek, an immediate receiving water body, is found to be a source of several neuropsychiatric and illicit drugs including methamphetamine, methadone, alprazolam, oxazepam, temazepam, carbamazepine, venlafaxine, citalopram, sertraline, oxycodone, and hydrocodone (p < 0.036) in the Clarks River.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.