ReviewCardiovascular research2018
Understanding the role of the perivascular space in cerebral small vessel disease.
Review in Cardiovascular research, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 212 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
212 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 337 citations in OpenAlex.
- The etiology and evolution of magnetic resonance imaging-visible perivascular spaces: Systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Pooled it
- Cognitive impairment in sporadic cerebral small vessel disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2021Pooled it
- Blood-Brain Barrier Opening with MRI-guided Focused Ultrasound Elicits Meningeal Venous Permeability in Humans with Early Alzheimer Disease.Radiology · 2021Trial
- Article
- Perivascular Spaces as Determinants of Amyloid, Tau, and Vascular Biomarker Progression.Annals of neurology · 2026Article
- The enigma of vascular dementia: current state and emerging perspectives.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026Review
- Article
- Change in Amyloid-β Deposition and Diffusion Tensor Image Analysis along the Perivascular Space Index in Incident Neurodegenerative Disease.Annals of neurology · 2026Article
- Imaging study of white matter microstructural damage and glymphatic system dysfunction in patients with primary insomnia: a combined analysis based on PSMD, DTI-ALPS, and EPVS.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2026Article
- Comparison of T1w, T2w, and T1w/T2w MRI methods for perivascular space quantification.Neuroradiology · 2026Article
- Theranostic Innovative Strategies for Brain Diseases: New Insights on Neurovascular Unit-Associated Pathological Changes in Neurodegenerative Disorders and Aging.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Roles of Microglia in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Review
- Glymphatic dysfunction is associated with cognitive impairment in white matter hyperintensities: A DTI-based study.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2026Article
- Association of MRI-Visible Perivascular Spaces With Longitudinal Cognitive Decline Over a Decade.Neurology · 2026Observational
- Correlation between the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and enlarged perivascular spaces in type 2 diabetes mellitus.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2026Article
- Impact of enlarged perivascular spaces on endovascular therapy outcomes in patients with large ischaemic core: A post-hoc analysis of the ANGEL-ASPECT trial.Journal of translational internal medicine · 2026Article
- Factor analysis of multimodal MRI, biofluid, and vascular biomarkers reveals latent constructs of brain health.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Quantitative and Qualitative MRI Assessment of Perivascular Spaces in Parkinson's Disease Patients.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- The Molecular Neurobiology of NG2-Expressing Glial Cells in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Pathogenesis.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Role of CXCR3 and CXCR6 on Circulating T Cells in Patients With Parkinson's Disease.Scandinavian journal of immunology · 2026Article
152 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 9 institutions in 6 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Small vessel diseases (SVDs) are a group of disorders that result from pathological alteration of the small blood vessels in the brain, including the small arteries, capillaries and veins. Of the 35-36 million people that are estimated to suffer from dementia worldwide, up to 65% have an SVD component. Furthermore, SVD causes 20-25% of strokes, worsens outcome after stroke and is a leading cause of disability, cognitive impairment and poor mobility. Yet the underlying cause(s) of SVD are not fully understood. Magnetic resonance imaging has confirmed enlarged perivascular spaces (PVS) as a hallmark feature of SVD. In healthy tissue, these spaces are proposed to form part of a complex brain fluid drainage system which supports interstitial fluid exchange and may also facilitate clearance of waste products from the brain. The pathophysiological signature of PVS and what this infers about their function and interaction with cerebral microcirculation, plus subsequent downstream effects on lesion development in the brain has not been established. Here we discuss the potential of enlarged PVS to be a unique biomarker for SVD and related brain disorders with a vascular component. We propose that widening of PVS suggests presence of peri-vascular cell debris and other waste products that form part of a vicious cycle involving impaired cerebrovascular reactivity, blood-brain barrier dysfunction, perivascular inflammation and ultimately impaired clearance of waste proteins from the interstitial fluid space, leading to accumulation of toxins, hypoxia, and tissue damage. Here, we outline current knowledge, questions and hypotheses regarding understanding the brain fluid dynamics underpinning dementia and stroke through the common denominator of SVD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.