Trial reportThe Journal of clinical investigation2018
HIV-1 replicates and persists in vaginal epithelial dendritic cells.
Trial report in The Journal of clinical investigation, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of CXCR4-using transmitted/founder HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- CD11c+ myeloid cells are the predominant CD4+CCR5+ immune population in the foreskin and are increased in men with HIV-associated penile anaerobes.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Mucosal Dynamics Contributing to Innate Immune Responses to HIV in the Human Female Genital Tract.Viruses · 2026Review
- Innate Immune Protection Against HIV in the Female Genital Tract.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2026Review
- Dendritic cells and HIV transmission: roles and subsets of antigen-presenting cells in the human anogenital tract.PLoS pathogens · 2025Review
- Immunological synapse: structures, molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications in disease.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Review
- Cellular Tropism and Viral Genetics in Appendix Tissue Reservoirs of Subtype C HIV-1-Infected Aviremic Persons.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- The Epithelial Immune Response to Human Papillomavirus Infection.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Article
- Recent Advances in Our Understanding of Human Inflammatory Dendritic Cells in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection.Viruses · 2025Review
- Associated factors and prognostic implications of neutropenia in individuals with HIV/AIDS.Virology journal · 2025Article
- The spatial biology of HIV infection.PLoS pathogens · 2025Review
- Lactobacillus crispatus S-layer proteins modulate innate immune response and inflammation in the lower female reproductive tract.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Biological Barriers for Drug Delivery and Development of Innovative Therapeutic Approaches in HIV, Pancreatic Cancer, and Hemophilia A/B.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- Human genital dendritic cell heterogeneity confers differential rapid response to HIV-1 exposure.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- CD1-mediated immune responses in mucosal tissues: molecular mechanisms underlying lipid antigen presentation system.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2023Review
- TRPV1 activation in human Langerhans cells and T cells inhibits mucosal HIV-1 infection via CGRP-dependent and independent mechanisms.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Characterization of an air-liquid interface primary human vaginal epithelium to study Ebola virus infection and testing of antivirals.Antiviral research · 2023Article
- Immune activation of vaginal human Langerhans cells increases susceptibility to HIV-1 infection.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
HIV-1 acquisition occurs most commonly after sexual contact. To establish infection, HIV-1 must infect cells that support high-level replication, namely CD4+ T cells, which are absent from the outermost genital epithelium. Dendritic cells (DCs), present in mucosal epithelia, potentially facilitate HIV-1 acquisition. We show that vaginal epithelial DCs, termed CD1a+ VEDCs, are unlike other blood- and tissue-derived DCs because they express langerin but not DC-SIGN, and unlike skin-based langerin+ DC subset Langerhans cells (LCs), they do not harbor Birbeck granules. Individuals primarily acquire HIV-1 that utilizes the CCR5 receptor (termed either R5 or R5X4) during heterosexual transmission, and the mechanism for the block against variants that only use the CXCR4 receptor (classified as X4) remains unclear. We show that X4 as compared with R5 HIV-1 shows limited to no replication in CD1a+ VEDCs. This differential replication occurs after fusion, suggesting that receptor usage influences postentry steps in the virus life cycle. Furthermore, CD1a+ VEDCs isolated from HIV-1-infected virologically suppressed women harbor HIV-1 DNA. Thus, CD1a+ VEDCs are potentially infected early during heterosexual transmission and also retain virus during treatment. Understanding the interplay between HIV-1 and CD1a+ VEDCs is important for future prevention and cure strategies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.