ReviewEuropean journal of epidemiology2018
Causal null hypotheses of sustained treatment strategies: What can be tested with an instrumental variable?
Review in European journal of epidemiology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Mendelian randomisation approaches to the study of prenatal exposures: A systematic review.Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology · 2021Pooled it
- FA-MFMR: a multivariable functional Mendelian randomization method that accounts for correlated longitudinal exposures via factor augmentation.Bioinformatics (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- miR‑27b‑3p modulates CD4+CD39+ Tregs to drive immune‑mediated intervertebraldisc degeneration.International journal of molecular medicine · 2025Article
- A systematic approach to evaluating instrumental variable assumptions: applied example of glucose-lowering medications and risk for hospitalized heart failure in older adults.American journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- The role of estimation in Mendelian randomization: should Mendelian randomization investigations provide estimates?AJE advances : research in epidemiology · 2025Article
- Estimating Time-Varying Exposure Effects Through Continuous-Time Modelling in Mendelian Randomization.Statistics in medicine · 2024Article
- Genome-wide association study of maternal plasma metabolites during pregnancy.Cell genomics · 2024Article
- Two sample Mendelian Randomisation using an outcome from a multilevel model of disease progression.European journal of epidemiology · 2024Article
- Article
- Estimation of time-varying causal effects with multivariable Mendelian randomization: some cautionary notes.International journal of epidemiology · 2023Article
- Inhibition of tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 and the risk of periodontitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Interpretation of Mendelian randomization using a single measure of an exposure that varies over time.International journal of epidemiology · 2022Article
- Prenatal exposure to trans fatty acids and head growth in fetal life and childhood: triangulating confounder-adjustment and instrumental variable approaches.European journal of epidemiology · 2022Article
- Applying Mendelian randomization to appraise causality in relationships between nutrition and cancer.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2022Article
- Mendelian randomization and pleiotropy analysis.Quantitative biology (Beijing, China) · 2021Article
- Are Mendelian randomization investigations immune from bias due to reverse causation?European journal of epidemiology · 2021Article
- Epidemiology, genetic epidemiology and Mendelian randomisation: more need than ever to attend to detail.Human genetics · 2020Article
- Application of the Instrumental Inequalities to a Mendelian Randomization Study With Multiple Proposed Instruments.Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2020Article
- An examination of multivariable Mendelian randomization in the single-sample and two-sample summary data settings.International journal of epidemiology · 2019Article
- Body mass index and all cause mortality in HUNT and UK Biobank studies: linear and non-linear mendelian randomisation analyses.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Sometimes instrumental variable methods are used to test whether a causal effect is null rather than to estimate the magnitude of a causal effect. However, when instrumental variable methods are applied to time-varying exposures, as in many Mendelian randomization studies, it is unclear what causal null hypothesis is tested. Here, we consider different versions of causal null hypotheses for time-varying exposures, show that the instrumental variable conditions alone are insufficient to test some of them, and describe additional assumptions that can be made to test a wider range of causal null hypotheses, including both sharp and average causal null hypotheses. Implications for interpretation and reporting of instrumental variable results are discussed.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.