ArticleOncoimmunology
Increased immune infiltration and chemokine receptor expression in head and neck epithelial tumors after neoadjuvant immunotherapy with the IRX-2 regimen.
Article in Oncoimmunology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Characterization of the immune response in patients with cancer of the oral cavity after neoadjuvant immunotherapy with the IRX-2 regimen.Oral oncology · 2021Trial
- Trends in immunotherapy for oral squamous cell carcinoma.Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2025Review
- Development of a Molecular-Subtype-Associated Immune Prognostic Signature That Can Be Recognized by MRI Radiomics Features in Bladder Cancer.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- A novel prognostic biomarker CD3G that correlates with the tumor microenvironment in cervical cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Article
- Multiplex immunofluorescence to measure dynamic changes in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and PD-L1 in early-stage breast cancer.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2021Article
- Secreted Frizzled-Related Protein 4 (SFRP4) Is an Independent Prognostic Marker in Prostate Cancers Lacking TMPRSS2: ERG Fusions.Pathology oncology research : POR · 2020Article
- Th17 cells inhibit CD8Journal of hematology & oncology · 2020Article
- The Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy of Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.Frontiers in oncology · 2020Review
- Nasal delivery of Fasudil-modified immune cells exhibits therapeutic potential in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2019Article
- Window of opportunity trials in head and neck cancer.Journal of cancer metastasis and treatment · 2019Article
- Window Studies in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck: Values and Limits.Current treatment options in oncology · 2018Review
- IRX-2 natural cytokine biologic for immunotherapy in patients with head and neck cancers.OncoTargets and therapy · 2018Review
- Spatial Mapping of Myeloid Cells and Macrophages by Multiplexed Tissue Staining.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
IRX-2 is an injectable cancer immunotherapy composed of cytokines purified from stimulated normal-donor peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In a phase 2a trial (n = 27), neoadjuvant IRX-2 significantly increased lymphocyte infiltration (LI) into resected head and neck tumors and was associated with changes in fibrosis and necrosis. Event-free survival was 65% at 2 years, and overall survival 65% at 5 years. Overall survival was longer for patients with LI greater versus lower than the median. This substudy of the mechanisms responsible for the increase in LI with neoadjuvant IRX-2 employed multiplex immunohistochemistry (IHC) and transcriptome analysis to interrogate matched pre- and post-treatment tumor specimens from 7 available phase 2a trial patients. Multiplex IHC showed substantial increases in CD68-expressing cells (5 patients), T-cell density (4 patients), and PDL1 mean fluorescent intensity (4 patients). Consistent with IRX-2 activation of multiple immune cells, transcriptome analysis showed mean increases in expression of genes associated with NK cells, B cells, CD4
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