ArticleDiabetes2018
Altered Extracellular Vesicle Concentration, Cargo, and Function in Diabetes.
Article in Diabetes, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04164966 (Development of Novel Biomarkers for the Early Diagnosis of Type 1 Diabetes), which is not on this map. Cited by 165 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Development of Novel Biomarkers for the Early Diagnosis of Type 1 Diabetes
Who cites it
165 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 246 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of Exercise on Extracellular Vesicles in Patients with Metabolic Dysfunction: a Systematic Review.Journal of cardiovascular translational research · 2023Pooled it
- Type 2 Diabetes: How Much of an Autoimmune Disease?Frontiers in endocrinology · 2019Pooled it
- Coordinated regulation of gene expression and microRNA changes in adipose tissue and circulating extracellular vesicles in response to pioglitazone treatment in humans with type 2 diabetes.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Trial
- Phenotyping of circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) in obesity identifies large EVs as functional conveyors of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor.Molecular metabolism · 2018Trial
- Beyond spherical vesicles: morphological diversity of extracellular vesicles in health and disease.Annals of medicine · 2026Review
- High Glucose Alters Extracellular Vesicle Protein Composition and Promotes EV-Mediated Monocyte Adhesion to Endothelial Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- The Role and Mechanism of Endothelial Progenitor Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Vascular Repair of Ischemic Heart Disease.Journal of cardiovascular translational research · 2026Review
- Article
- Restoration of Neuronal Metabolism and Memory in Alzheimer's Disease by Reprogramming the Exosomal microRNA Network.Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN · 2026Review
- Mesenchymal stem cells receive adaptive islet-derivedScience advances · 2026Article
- Review
- Extracellular vesicles as biomarkers of disease progression and therapeutic response in patients with spinal muscular atrophy.Molecular therapy. Advances · 2026Article
- Breast cancer cell-derived extracellular vesicles accelerate collagen fibrillogenesis and integrate into the matrix.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Exercise‑induced extracellular vesicle microRNA regulates physiological function (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2026Review
- Circulating Extracellular Vesicles Suggest Race-Associated Transcriptomic Differences in Preterm Birth: A Pilot Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Extracellular Vesicles for Acute Care Testing: A Review of Potential Laboratory Applications.The journal of applied laboratory medicine · 2026Review
- Peripheral Insulin Resistance and Alzheimer's Disease: Possible Mediators Including Extracellular Vesicles.Geriatrics & gerontology international · 2026Review
- Adipose Tissue-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles in Plasma Reveal Molecular Circuitries Underlying Glucose Intolerance.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2026Article
- Neurovascular Impairment in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: The Role of Adipocyte-Derived Exosomes.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Adipose-Derived Extracellular Vesicles and Intercellular Crosstalk With Skeletal Muscle: Implications for Sarcopenic Obesity and Metabolic Dysregulation.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2026Review
105 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is a chronic age-associated degenerative metabolic disease that reflects relative insulin deficiency and resistance. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) (exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies) are small (30-400 nm) lipid-bound vesicles capable of shuttling functional proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids as part of intercellular communication systems. Recent studies in mouse models and in cell culture suggest that EVs may modulate insulin signaling. Here, we designed cross-sectional and longitudinal cohorts of euglycemic participants and participants with prediabetes or diabetes. Individuals with diabetes had significantly higher levels of EVs in their circulation than euglycemic control participants. Using a cell-specific EV assay, we identified that levels of erythrocyte-derived EVs are higher with diabetes. We found that insulin resistance increases EV secretion. Furthermore, the levels of insulin signaling proteins were altered in EVs from individuals with high levels of insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction. Moreover, EVs from individuals with diabetes were preferentially internalized by circulating leukocytes. Cytokine levels in the media and in EVs were higher from monocytes incubated with diabetic EVs. Microarray of these leukocytes revealed altered gene expression pathways related to cell survival, oxidative stress, and immune function. Collectively, these results suggest that insulin resistance increases the secretion of EVs, which are preferentially internalized by leukocytes, and alters leukocyte function.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.