ArticleBMC health services research2018
Trends in healthcare utilization and costs associated with acute otitis media in the United States during 2008-2014.
Article in BMC health services research, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 118 citations in OpenAlex.
- Paracetamol (acetaminophen) or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, alone or combined, for pain relief in acute otitis media in children.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Differences in Antibiotic Prescribing Patterns for Children with Acute Otitis Media Based on Patient, Clinician, and Clinic Characteristics.Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society · 2026Article
- The Case for Pneumococcal Surface Protein A (PspA): A Comprehensive Review of a Leading Candidate in Pneumococcal Vaccine Research.Vaccines · 2026Review
- A Multi-Country Comparison of Number Needed to Vaccinate for PCV20 and PCV15 in Infants.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Clinical spectrum of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome carriers: Self-reported survey of 193 carriers.Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Trends in Tympanostomy Tube Insertion Among Children Aged 0-12 Years: A Register-Based Cohort Study in Denmark (2003-2023).Clinical epidemiology · 2026Article
- Interventions to Minimize Unnecessary Antibiotic Use for Acute Otitis Media: A Meta-Analysis.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Otitis Media Trial Publication After ClinicalTrials.gov Registration.Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery · 2025Observational
- Bacterial Acute Otitis Media Complicated with Otorrhea in a Children's Hospital in the Era of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Genomic insights into the spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus involved in ear infections.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Mutations in unfolded protein response regulator ATF6 cause hearing and vision loss syndrome.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Article
- Clinical and economic burden of otitis media in children under 5 years of age in the United States: A retrospective study.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Article
- Burden of invasive pneumococcal disease, non-invasive all-cause pneumonia, and acute otitis media in hospitalized US children: a retrospective multi-center study from 2015 to 2020.BMC health services research · 2024Article
- The Health and Economic Effects of PCV15 and PCV20 During the First Year of Life in the US.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Outpatient Visits and Antibiotic Use Due to Higher-Valency Pneumococcal Vaccine Serotypes.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Texture-based speciation of otitis media-related bacterial biofilms from optical coherence tomography images using supervised classification.Journal of biophotonics · 2024Article
- Economic Burden of Otitis Media Globally and an Overview of the Current Scenario to Alleviate the Disease Burden: A Systematic Review.International archives of otorhinolaryngology · 2024Review
- Cost-Effectiveness of 20-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Among US Children with Underlying Medical Conditions.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2024Article
- Otitis media: recent advances in otitis media vaccine development and model systems.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Review
- Establishment of novel immortalized middle ear cell lines as models for otitis media.Laryngoscope investigative otolaryngology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAcute otitis media (AOM) is the most common cause of pediatric medical visits and antibiotic prescriptions worldwide, but its current impact on the US healthcare system is not clear. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in the incidence of AOM from 2008, just before 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine was introduced, to 2014 using US insurance records in the Truven MarketScan
methodsAOM cases in the MarketScan database during 2008-2014 were identified using ICD9 diagnosis codes 381.xx and 382.xx. Incidence rates of healthcare utilization related to the index AOM episode were calculated using the annual number of enrolled person-years as the denominator and the number of individuals with AOM as the numerator. AOM-associated costs were calculated as the mean payment per episode during the 2 years from 2013 to 2014.
resultsThe overall annual rate of AOM-related healthcare utilization was 60.5 per 1000 person-years and changed little from 2008 to 2014 (range, 58.4-62.6). Most of this was due to office/outpatient visits (55.7 [range, 52.0-58.8] per 1000 person-years). Emergency department/urgent care visits (4.7 [range 3.7-6.3] per 1000 person-years) and hospitalization (0.0 [range, 0.0-0.1] per 1000 person-years) contributed little. The rate of AOM-related healthcare utilization per 1000 person-years was highest in the youngest children and declined with age (474.3 for < 1 year, 503.9 for 1 year, 316.3 for 2-4 years, 94.9 for 5-17 years, 33.1 for 18-49 years, 28.6 for 50-64 years, 23.7 for 65-74 years, 20.2 for 75-84 years, and 16.1 for ≥85 years). The mean cost per AOM episode in 2013-2014 (95% confidence interval) was $199.0 (198.4-199.6) for office or outpatient visits, $329.6 (328.2-331.0) for emergency department/urgent care visits, and $1592.9 (1422.0-1763.8) for hospitalization.
conclusionsIn the US, AOM-associated healthcare utilization and costs remain substantial. More effective preventive measures such as new vaccines are needed to reduce the burden of AOM.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.