ArticleDepression and anxiety2018
Depressive and anxious symptoms and 20-year mortality: Evidence from the Stirling County study.
Article in Depression and anxiety, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
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- The longitudinal association between multiple cardiometabolic diseases, socioeconomic status, and depressive symptoms in China.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Mastery is central: an examination of complex interrelationships between physical health, stress and adaptive cognition, and social connection with depression and anxiety symptoms.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Comparison of Imputation Strategies for Incomplete Longitudinal Data in Life-Course Epidemiology.American journal of epidemiology · 2023Article
- Association of depression phenotypes and antidepressant treatment with mortality due to cancer and other causes: a community-based cohort study.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- Bidirectional association between knee osteoarthritis and depressive symptoms: evidence from a nationwide population-based cohort.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2022Article
- Psychological distress as a risk factor for all-cause, chronic disease- and suicide-specific mortality: a prospective analysis using data from the National Health Interview Survey.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2022Article
- Associations between depression subtype and functional impairment and treatment utilization in a national sample of adolescents.Journal of affective disorders · 2021Article
- Different independent associations of depression and anxiety with survival in patients with cancer.Journal of psychosomatic research · 2020Article
- Abdominal Pain and Anxious or Depressed State Are Independently Associated With Weight Loss in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.Crohn's & colitis 360 · 2020Article
- Lifetime experience of multiple common mental disorders and 19-year mortality: results from a Canadian population-based cohort.Epidemiology and psychiatric sciences · 2019Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDepression and anxiety disorders are highly comorbid, and share significant symptom overlap. Whereas depression has been consistently associated with excess mortality, the association between anxiety and mortality is less clear. Our aim was to identify constellations of anxious and depressive symptoms and examine their associations with mortality.
methodThis study considers respondents from the 1970 (n = 1203) and 1992 (n = 1402) cohorts of the Stirling County study. Symptoms of depression and anxiety were assessed using structured at-home interviews. Vital status of participants through 2011 was determined using probabilistic linkages to the Canadian Mortality Database.
resultsExploratory factor analysis yielded three correlated factors in each cohort. Items loading on each factor varied slightly between cohorts, but roughly corresponded to (1) depressive symptoms, (2) anxious symptoms, and (3) somatic symptoms. The depressive factor was associated with increased risk of mortality in both the 1970 (HR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.12, 1.62) and 1992 (HR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.48) cohorts. Anxious symptoms were associated with a reduced risk of mortality in the 1992 sample (HR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.53, 0.90). Somatic symptoms were associated with a reduced risk of mortality in the 1970 sample (HR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.69, 0.99), but an elevated risk of mortality in the 1992 sample (HR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.11, 1.51).
conclusionsThis study provides evidence that symptoms of depression and anxiety may have differential associations with early mortality. Somatic symptoms such as upset stomach and loss of appetite may be protective against mortality, perhaps through increased use of health care services. Conversely, symptoms such as weakness and cold sweats may be indicative of failing health.
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