SynthesisPLoS medicine2018
Association of vitamin D with risk of type 2 diabetes: A Mendelian randomisation study in European and Chinese adults.
Synthesis in PLoS medicine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 65 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
65 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 114 citations in OpenAlex.
- Investigating the Inflammatory Link Between Vitamin D and Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A Systematic Review and Causal Inference Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Vitamin D and human health: evidence from Mendelian randomization studies.European journal of epidemiology · 2024Pooled it
- Research Progress on the Relationship between Vitamins and Diabetes: Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Vitamin D and Multiple Health Outcomes: An Umbrella Review of Observational Studies, Randomized Controlled Trials, and Mendelian Randomization Studies.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2022Pooled it
- A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study to evaluate the causal role of reduced blood vitamin D levels with type 2 diabetes risk in South Asians and Europeans.Nutrition journal · 2021Pooled it
- The association between circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D metabolites and type 2 diabetes in European populations: A meta-analysis and Mendelian randomisation analysis.PLoS medicine · 2020Pooled it
- Trial
- The interaction of vitamin D supplementation with Omentin-1 gene polymorphism on metabolic factors and anthropometric indices in women with prediabetes: a study protocol for a double-blind randomized controlled trial.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2025Trial
- Biomarkers of glucose-insulin homeostasis and incident type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease: results from the Vitamin D and Omega-3 trial.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2024Trial
- Intratrial Exposure to Vitamin D and New-Onset Diabetes Among Adults With Prediabetes: A Secondary Analysis From the Vitamin D and Type 2 Diabetes (D2d) Study.Diabetes care · 2020Trial
- Vitamin D Supplementation and Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes.The New England journal of medicine · 2019Trial
- Association of CYP2R1 gene polymorphisms with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Jordanian population.Journal, genetic engineering & biotechnology · 2026Article
- [Interpretation of the Expert Consensus Statement on the Role of Vitamin D in Metabolic Health].Zhongguo xiu fu chong jian wai ke za zhi = Zhongguo xiufu chongjian waike zazhi = Chinese journal of reparative and reconstructive surgery · 2026Article
- Vitamin D is glucoprotective in aging males but not females.The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology · 2026Article
- Undiagnosed Diabetes and Prediabetes in Yemen: A Growing Public Health Crisis in the Shadow of Conflict.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- Exploring the association between serum vitamin D levels and type 2 diabetes risk in US adults.Annals of medicine · 2025Article
- Genetically Predicted Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations in Related to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Mendelian Randomization Study.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2025Article
- Association of the TCF7L2 rs7903146 variant with type 2 diabetes mellitus and related biomarkers: a systematic review.BMJ nutrition, prevention & health · 2025Article
- Dose-Response Relationship Between Serum 25(OH)D and the Risk of Abnormal Glycemic Status in Chinese Older Adults.Metabolites · 2024Article
- Review
5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
18 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundObservational studies have reported that higher plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentrations are associated with lower risks of diabetes, but it is unclear if these associations are causal. The aim of this study was to test the relevance of 25(OH)D for type 2 diabetes using genetically instrumented differences in plasma 25(OH)D concentrations. METHODS AND
findingsData were available on four 25(OH)D single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; n = 82,464), plasma 25(OH)D concentrations (n = 13,565), and cases with diabetes (n = 5,565) in the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB). The effects on risk of diabetes were assessed by a genetic score using two 25(OH)D synthesis SNPs (DHCR7-rs12785878 and CYP2R1-rs10741657), with and without the addition of SNPs affecting the transport (GC/DBP-rs2282679) and catabolism (CYP24A1-rs6013897) of 25(OH)D. The CKB results were combined in a meta-analysis of 10 studies for the 2 synthesis SNPs (n = 58,312 cases) and 7 studies for all 4 SNPs (n = 32,796 cases). Mean (SD) 25(OH)D concentration was 62 (20) nmol/l in CKB, and the per allele effects of genetic scores on 25(OH)D were 2.87 (SE 0.39) for the synthesis SNPs and 3.54 (SE 0.32) for all SNPs. A 25-nmol/l higher biochemically measured 25(OH)D was associated with a 9% (95% CI: 0%-18%) lower risk of diabetes in CKB. In a meta-analysis of all studies, a 25-nmol/l higher genetically instrumented 25(OH)D concentration was associated with a 14% (95% CI: 3%-23%) lower risk of diabetes (p = 0.01) using the 2 synthesis SNPs. An equivalent difference in 25(OH)D using a genetic score with 4 SNPs was not significantly associated with diabetes (odds ratio 8%, 95% CI: -1% to 16%, lower risk, p = 0.07), but had some evidence of pleiotropy. A limitation of the meta-analysis was the access only to study level rather than individual level data.
conclusionsThe concordant risks of diabetes for biochemically measured and genetically instrumented differences in 25(OH)D using synthesis SNPs provide evidence for a causal effect of higher 25(OH)D for prevention of diabetes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.