ReviewPathogens and disease2018
A hypothesis explaining why so many pathogen virulence proteins are moonlighting proteins.
Review in Pathogens and disease, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Moonlighting Proteins: Some Hypotheses on the Structural Origin of Their Multifunctionality.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Moonlighting Proteins: Unveiling Their Multifunctionality in Metabolic Regulation and Drug Discovery.Current drug metabolism · 2025Review
- Unbiased phage display screening identifies hidden malaria vaccine targets.Emerging microbes & infections · 2024Review
- TargetingVaccines · 2024Review
- Non-Toxin-BasedPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Article
- The Exploration of Complement-Resistance Mechanisms of Pathogenic Gram-Negative Bacteria to Support the Development of Novel Therapeutics.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Proteomic Analysis ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Enolase ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Pathogen Moonlighting Proteins: From Ancestral Key Metabolic Enzymes to Virulence Factors.Microorganisms · 2021Article
- An overview of moonlighting proteins in Staphylococcus aureus infection.Archives of microbiology · 2021Review
- Moonlighting Proteins: The Case of the Hexokinases.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2021Review
- Moonlighting Proteins at the Candidal Cell Surface.Microorganisms · 2020Review
- Multiple Forms of Multifunctional Proteins in Health and Disease.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2020Review
- Diverse Localization and Protein Binding Abilities of Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase in Pathogenic Bacteria: The Key to its Multifunctionality?Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2020Review
- Moonlighting proteins are variably exposed at the cell surfaces of Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis and Candida tropicalis under certain growth conditions.BMC microbiology · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Moonlighting or multitasking proteins refer to those proteins with two or more functions performed by a single polypeptide chain. Proteins that belong to key ancestral functions and metabolic pathways such as primary metabolism typically exhibit moonlighting phenomenon. We have collected 698 moonlighting proteins in MultitaskProtDB-II database. A survey shows that 25% of the proteins of the database correspond to moonlighting functions related to pathogens virulence activity. Why is the canonical function of these virulence proteins mainly from ancestral key biological functions (especially of primary metabolism)? Our hypothesis is that these proteins present a high conservation between the pathogen protein and the host counterparts. Therefore, the host immune system will not elicit protective antibodies against pathogen proteins. The fact of sharing epitopes with host proteins (known as epitope mimicry) might be the cause of autoimmune diseases. Although many pathogen proteins can be antigenic, only a few of them would elicit a protective immune response. This would also explain the lack of successful vaccines based in these conserved moonlighting proteins.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.