SynthesisInternational journal of obesity (2005)2018
Maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring overweight: is there a dose-response relationship? An individual patient data meta-analysis.
Synthesis in International journal of obesity (2005), 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Secondhand smoke exposure and human health: an umbrella review.Nature human behaviour · 2026Pooled it
- Comparing body composition between the sweet-liking phenotypes: experimental data, systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Smoking during pregnancy is associated with child overweight independent of maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and genetic predisposition to adiposity.Scientific reports · 2022Trial
- Maternal C-Peptide and Insulin Sensitivity, but Not BMI, Associate with Fatty Acids in the First Trimester of Pregnancy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Trial
- Pooled prevalence and associated factors of overweight/obesity among under-five children in 46 low- and middle-income countries: A cross-sectional analysis of Demographic and Health Surveys data (2015-2024).PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Exposure to Nanoplastics During Pregnancy Induces Brown Adipose Tissue Whitening in Male Offspring.Toxics · 2025Article
- The association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and multimorbidity of non-communicable chronic diseases trajectory in offspring.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Metabolic profiles of children aged 2-5 years born after frozen and fresh embryo transfer: A Chinese cohort study.PLoS medicine · 2024Article
- Maternal gestational hypertension, smoking and pre-eclampsia are associated with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease in overweight offspring.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2024Article
- Article
- Maternal smoking, nutritional factors at different life stage, and the risk of incident type 2 diabetes: a prospective study of the UK Biobank.BMC medicine · 2024Article
- Long-term adverse influence of smoking during pregnancy on height and body size of offspring at ten years old in the UK Biobank cohort.SSM - population health · 2023Article
- Invited Perspective: Long-Term Effects of Gestational PFAS Exposures on Adiposity-Time for Solutions.Environmental health perspectives · 2023Article
- The Understanding of Maternal Smoking among Women who were Smoking or had Quit Smoking during Pregnancy.The Canadian journal of nursing research = Revue canadienne de recherche en sciences infirmieres · 2023Article
- Prenatal tobacco and cannabis co-exposure and offspring obesity development from birth to mid-childhood.Pediatric obesity · 2023Article
- Association of Maternal Smoking during Pregnancy with Neurophysiological and ADHD-Related Outcomes in School-Aged Children.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Prenatal nicotine exposure during pregnancy results in adverse neurodevelopmental alterations and neurobehavioral deficits.Advances in drug and alcohol research · 2023Review
- The role of epigenetics in multi-generational transmission of asthma: An NIAID workshop report-based narrative review.Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 2022Review
- Obesity II: Establishing causal links between chemical exposures and obesity.Biochemical pharmacology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
30 authors.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND/
objectivesA number of meta-analyses suggest an association between any maternal smoking in pregnancy and offspring overweight obesity. Whether there is a dose-response relationship across number of cigarettes and whether this differs by sex remains unclear. SUBJECT/
methodsStudies reporting number of cigarettes smoked during pregnancy and offspring BMI published up to May 2015 were searched. An individual patient data meta-analysis of association between the number of cigarettes smoked during pregnancy and offspring overweight (defined according to the International Obesity Task Force reference) was computed using a generalized additive mixed model with non-linear effects and adjustment for confounders (maternal weight status, breastfeeding, and maternal education) and stratification for sex.
resultsOf 26 identified studies, 16 authors provided data on a total of 238,340 mother-child-pairs. A linear positive association was observed between the number of cigarettes smoked and offspring overweight for up to 15 cigarettes per day with an OR increase per cigarette of 1.03, 95% CI = [1.02-1.03]. The OR flattened with higher cigarette use. Associations were similar in males and females. Sensitivity analyses supported these results.
conclusionsA linear dose-response relationship of maternal smoking was observed in the range of 1-15 cigarettes per day equally in boys and girls with no further risk increase for doses above 15 cigarettes.
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