SynthesisBMC infectious diseases2018
Management and control of communicable diseases in schools and other child care settings: systematic review on the incubation period and period of infectiousness.
Synthesis in BMC infectious diseases, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- Parental Attitudes and Hesitancy Towards Childhood Influenza Vaccination in Slovakia: A Cross-Sectional Survey of 301 Parents.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Assessment of childhood disease patterns in outpatient settings: a retrospective study from 2016 to 2020.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Trends in the Use of Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions in Schools During the COVID-19 Pandemic, February 2021 to December 2023: A Mixed Methods Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Daily Temperatures and Child Hospital Admissions in Aotearoa New Zealand: Case Time Series Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Leading Paediatric Infectious Diseases-Current Trends, Gaps, and Future Prospects in Oral Pharmacotherapeutic Interventions.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- Correlation between mumps and meteorological factors in Xiamen City, China: A modelling study.Infectious Disease Modelling · 2022Article
- Vulnerability of community-based isolation: a case of concurrent COVID-19 and primary varicella infection.Singapore medical journal · 2022Article
- The Fim and FhaB adhesins play a crucial role in nasal cavity infection and Bordetella pertussis transmission in a novel mouse catarrhal infection model.PLoS pathogens · 2022Article
- [Flu vaccination and value-based health care: operational solutions to safeguard public health].Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene · 2022Article
- Large-Scale Isolation Facilities and Potential for Secondary Infectious Disease Outbreak.Emerging infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Risk factors associated with outbreaks of seasonal infectious disease in school settings, England, UK.Epidemiology and infection · 2020Article
- Chickenpox in an elderly man.Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien · 2020Article
- COVID-19 versus seasonal influenza 2019-2020: USA.Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · 2020Article
- The Cost-Effectiveness of Universal Varicella Vaccination in Italy: A Model-Based Assessment of Vaccination Strategies.ClinicoEconomics and outcomes research : CEOR · 2020Article
- Evaluating the use of whole genome sequencing for the investigation of a large mumps outbreak in Ontario, Canada.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Activating Childcare Environments for All Children: the Importance of Children's Individual Needs.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundInformation on the incubation period and period of infectiousness or shedding of infectious pathogens is critical for management and control of communicable diseases in schools and other childcare settings.
methodsWe performed a systematic literature review (Pubmed and Embase) to identify and critically appraise all relevant published articles using incubation, infectiousness or shedding, and exclusion period as parameters for the search. No language, time, geographical or study design restrictions were applied.
resultsA total of 112 articles met the eligibility criteria. A relatively large number were retrieved for gastrointestinal diseases and influenza or respiratory syncytial virus, but there were few or no studies for other diseases. Although a considerable number of publications reported the incubation and shedding periods, there was less evidence concerning the period of infectiousness. On average, five days of exclusion is considered for measles, mumps, rubella, varicella and pertussis. For other diseases, such as most cases of meningococcal disease, hepatitis A and influenza exclusion is considered as long as severe symptoms persist. However, these results are based on a diverse range of study characteristics, including age, treatment, vaccination, underlying diseases, diagnostic tools, viral load, study design and definitions, making statistical analysis difficult.
conclusionsDespite inconsistent definitions for key variables and the diversity of studies reviewed, published data provide sufficient quantitative estimates to inform decision making in schools and other childcare settings. The results can be used as a reference when deciding about the exclusion of a child with a communicable disease that both prevents exposure and avoids unnecessary absenteeism.
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