ArticleExperimental & applied acarology2018
High seroprevalence for Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus in ruminants in the absence of reported human cases in many regions of Bulgaria.
Article in Experimental & applied acarology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic Review on Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Enzootic Cycle and Factors Favoring Virus Transmission: Special Focus on France, an Apparently Free-Disease Area in Europe.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2022Pooled it
- Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Infection in the Small Ruminant Population in N. Macedonia: A Seroepidemiological Study as a Step Towards Better Understanding of the CCHF Epidemiology in the Country.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: An emerging threat in Europe.Virologica Sinica · 2026Review
- Equine sentinels and one health: a comprehensive serological survey of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in southeastern and Central Europe.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Article
- Molecular and Clinical Characterization of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in Bulgaria, 2015-2024.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Serological evaluation of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic fever in humans with High-Risk professional exposure and in residual sera collected in 2022-2023 across Corsica (France).One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025Article
- One health investigation following a cluster of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever, North Macedonia, July to November 2023.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2025Article
- First Broad-Range Serological Survey of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever among Hungarian Livestock.Viruses · 2024Article
- Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Seroprevalence in Human and Livestock Populations, Northern Tanzania.Emerging infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus (CCHFV): A Silent but Widespread Threat.Current tropical medicine reports · 2021Review
- Diagnostic tests for Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever: a widespread tickborne disease.BMJ global health · 2019Article
- Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in a Greek worker returning from Bulgaria, June 2018.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a severe tick-borne zoonotic disease in humans caused by CCHF virus. It has been observed in Bulgaria since 1952 and over the years more than 1600 cases have been reported in the country. Close contact with viraemic livestock was shown as one of the main causes of the infection. Detection of CCHF virus specific antibodies in livestock can be used as an indicator for virus circulation and risk assessment. CCHF seroprevalence was investigated in 843 cattle, 88 goats and 130 sheep, originating from all 28 districts of Bulgaria. CCHF virus-specific IgG antibodies were observed in 165 cattle (19.6, 95% CI 17.0-22.4%), in 20 goats (22.7, 95% CI 15.2-32.5%) and in 10 sheep (7.7, 95% CI 4.2-13.6%). The highest seroprevalence was detected in the district of Kardzhali, South Bulgaria (86.7, 95% CI 73.8-93.7%), a well-known focus of CCHF in humans. The other two districts with human CCHF cases, Blagoevgrad and Burgas, located in southwest and southeast Bulgaria, showed overall seroprevalences in livestock of 41.9% (95% CI 28.4-56.7%) and 31.3% (95% CI 22.2-42.1%), respectively. Seroprevalences in districts with no history of human CCHF cases varied between 55% (95% CI 39.8-69.3%) and 22.5% (95% CI 12.3-37.5%). These results suggest frequent CCHF virus infections even in regions without human CCHF cases and an enhanced risk of infection for humans in close contact with the infected livestock.
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