ArticleAsian spine journal2018
Morphometric Evaluation of Occipital Condyles: Defining Optimal Trajectories and Safe Screw Lengths for Occipital Condyle-Based Occipitocervical Fixation in Indian Population.
Article in Asian spine journal, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Morphometric Evaluation of the Craniovertebral Junction Using Computed Tomography: A Sex-Based Analysis of 500 Adults.BioMed research international · 2026Article
- Morphometric Assessment of Occipital Condyles and Foramen Magnum Reveals Enhanced Sexual Dimorphism Detection via 3D Imaging: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Utilizing Classification and Regression Trees.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Comparative Morphometric Study of the Occipital Condyle in Class III and Class I Skeletal Malocclusion Patients.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- A Novel Technique for Basilar Invagination Treatment in a Patient with Klippel-Feil Syndrome: A Clinical Example and Brief Literature Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Review
- The Feasibility of Anterior Occipital Condyle Screw for the Reconstruction of Craniovertebral Junction: A Digital Anatomical and Cadaveric Study of a Novel Technique.International journal of general medicine · 2021Article
- Occipital condyle screw fixation after posterior decompression for Chiari malformation: Technical report and application.Surgical neurology international · 2021Article
- Occipital condyle screws: indications and technique.Journal of spine surgery (Hong Kong) · 2020Review
- Morphometric analysis of occipital condyles using alternative imaging technique.Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
STUDY
designComputed tomographic (CT) morphometric analysis. PURPOSE: To assess the feasibility and safety of occipital condyle (OC)-based occipitocervical fixation (OCF) in Indians and to define anatomical zones and screw lengths for safe screw placement. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: Limitations of occipital squama-based OCF has led to development of two novel OC-based OCF techniques.
methodsMorphometric analysis was performed on the OCs of 70 Indian adults. The feasibility of placing a 3.5-mm-diameter screw into OCs was investigated. Safe trajectories and screw lengths for OC screws and C0-C1 transarticular screws without hypoglossal canal or atlantooccipital joint compromise were estimated.
resultsThe average screw length and safe sagittal and medial angulations for OC screws were 19.9±2.3 mm, ≤6.4°±2.4° cranially, and 31.1°±3° medially, respectively. An OC screw could not be accommodated by 27% of the population. The safe sagittal angles and screw lengths for C0-C1 transarticular screw insertion (48.9°±5.7° cranial, 26.7±2.9 mm for junctional entry technique; 36.7°±4.6° cranial, 31.6±2.7 mm for caudal C1 arch entry technique, respectively) were significantly different than those in other populations. The risk of vertebral artery injury was high for the caudal C1 arch entry technique. Screw placement was uncertain in 48% of Indians due to the presence of aberrant anatomy.
conclusionsThere were significant differences in the metrics of OC-based OCF between Indian and other populations. Because of the smaller occipital squama dimensions in Indians, OC-based OCF techniques may have a higher application rate and could be a viable alternative/salvage option in selected cases. Preoperative CT, including three-dimensional-CT-angiography (to delineate vertebral artery course), is imperative to avoid complications resulting from aberrant bony and vascular anatomy. Our data can serve as a valuable reference guide in placing these screws safely under fluoroscopic guidance.
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