ReviewFrontiers in immunology2018
Are Anti-Retinal Autoantibodies a Cause or a Consequence of Retinal Degeneration in Autoimmune Retinopathies?
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 81 citations in OpenAlex.
- Autoimmune retinopathy with associated anti-retinal antibodies as a potential immune-related adverse event associated with immunotherapy in patients with advanced cutaneous melanoma: case series and systematic review.BMJ open ophthalmology · 2022Pooled it
- Correlation between Antiretinal Antibodies and OCT Manifestations in Nonparaneoplastic Autoimmune Retinopathy.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Retinal Transcriptomic Signatures in Sudden Acquired Retinal Degeneration Syndrome (SARDS) and Cancer-Associated Retinopathy (CAR).Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Serum epitope-specific anti-recoverin autoantibodies as biomarkers for lupus retinopathy.Arthritis research & therapy · 2026Article
- Diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune retinopathy: review of current approaches.International ophthalmology · 2025Review
- Autoimmune encephalitis associated with antibodies against α-enolase sequestrated from degenerating retina in retinitis pigmentosa.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Breach and restoration of retinal immune privilege: barrier failure, innate dysregulation, and adaptive autoimmunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Anti-retinal Autoantibodies in Hydroxychloroquine Eye Toxicity.ACR open rheumatology · 2025Article
- Targeting Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in the Eye: Insights from a New Model of Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Emerging Ocular Side Effects of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Comprehensive Review.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- CCR5-overexpressing mesenchymal stem cells protect against experimental autoimmune uveitis: insights from single-cell transcriptome analysis.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Article
- Circulating Anti-Endothelial Cell Antibodies in Patients with Geographic Atrophy Related to Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
- Immune System, Inflammation and Autoantigens in Wet Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Pathological Significance and Therapeutic Importance.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Structural and Functional Changes in Non-Paraneoplastic Autoimmune Retinopathy.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Serum antiretinal antibodies and cytokine profiling in autoimmune retinopathy and their association with clinical outcomes.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2023Article
- Article
- Antigen-Specific Intraocular Cytokine Responses Distinguish Ocular Tuberculosis From Undifferentiated Uveitis in Tuberculosis-Immunoreactive Patients.American journal of ophthalmology · 2023Article
- Pediatric autoimmune retinopathy and optic neuropathy: a case report and a review of the literature.Frontiers in ophthalmology · 2023Article
- The double-edged sword of inflammation in inherited retinal degenerations: Clinical and preclinical evidence for mechanistically and prognostically impactful but treatable complications.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2023Article
- G-Protein-Coupled Receptors Mediate Modulations of Cell Viability and Drug Sensitivity by Aberrantly Expressed Recoverin 3 within A549 Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Autoantibodies (AAbs) against various retinal proteins have been associated with vision loss in paraneoplastic and non-paraneoplastic autoimmune retinopathies (AR). There are two major paraneoplastic syndromes associated anti-retinal AAbs, cancer-associated retinopathy (CAR), and melanoma-associated retinopathy. Some people without a cancer diagnosis may present symptoms of CAR and have anti-retinal AAbs. The etiology and pathogenesis of those entities are not fully understood. In this review, we provide evidence for the role of AAbs in retinal death and degeneration. Studies of epitope mapping for anti-recoverin, anti-enolase, and anti-carbonic anhydrase II revealed that although patients' AAbs may recognize the same retinal protein as normal individuals they bind to different molecular domains, which allows distinguishing between normal and diseased AAbs. Given the great diversity of anti-retinal AAbs, it is likely some antibodies have greater pathogenic potential than others. Pathogenic, but not normal antibodies penetrate the target cell, reach their specific antigen, induce apoptosis, and impact retinal pathophysiology. Photoreceptors, dying by apoptosis, induced by other than immunologic mechanisms produce substantial amounts of metabolic debris, which consequently leads to autoimmunization and enhanced permeability of the blood-retinal barrier. AAbs that were made as a part of anti-cancer response are likely to be the cause of retinal degeneration, whereas others, generated against released antigens from damaged retina, contribute to the progression of retinopathy. Altogether, AAbs may trigger retinal degeneration and may also exacerbate the degenerative process in response to the release of sequestered antigens and influence disease progression.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.