Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29713292›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in psychiatry2018

Avatar Therapy for Persistent Auditory Verbal Hallucinations in an Ultra-Resistant Schizophrenia Patient: A Case Report.

Laura Dellazizzo, Stéphane Potvin, Kingsada Phraxayavong, Pierre Lalonde, Alexandre Dumais

Open access · goldAbstract readCase Reports
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in psychiatry, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed
2.6field-weighted citation impact, top 10% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.

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  6. Review
  7. Resolution of Persistent Auditory Verbal Hallucinations after Long-term Electroconvulsive Therapy Maintenance: A Case Report of a Patient with Clozapine-resistant Schizophrenia.Clinical psychopharmacology and neuroscience : the official scientific journal of the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2021
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  8. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Laura DellazizzoCentre de recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Stéphane PotvinCentre de recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Kingsada PhraxayavongServices et Recherches Psychiatriques AD, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Pierre LalondeCentre de recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Alexandre DumaisCentre de recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec · CAInstitut Philippe Pinel de Montréal · CAUniversité de Montréal · CA

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Effective treatment strategies for schizophrenia remain very challenging and many treatment-resistant patients will suffer from persistent auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH). While clozapine is the gold-standard medication for this complex population, many will not respond to this molecule. For these ultra-resistant patients, limited options are available. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is the most widely used psychological intervention, though it offers modest effects. With the interpersonal dimension of AVH being recognized, Avatar Therapy (AT), a novel experiential treatment enabling patients to create an avatar of their persecutor and allowing them to gain control over their symptoms, was developed and tested. Results have shown significant improvements in AVH symptomatology. This paper details a case report showcasing the beneficial results of AT for even the most severe and symptomatic cases of schizophrenia. Mr. Smith has been afflicted with the persistency of all his voices for almost 20 years. To our knowledge, this patient tried almost all possible treatments with little efficacy. This case highlights the difficulty of finding an adequate treatment for ultra-resistant patients. Mr. Smith first followed CBT before initiating AT. With AT, he significantly improved in a way that was not observed with any other intervention and these improvements remained afterward. The severity of his positive symptoms as well as his depressive symptoms diminished, and his most distressing persecutory voice disappeared. He was able to regain a life. The effects of AT went well beyond the patient, the morale of the entire family improved. This ultra-resistant case suggests that AT may be a promising intervention for refractory AVH in schizophrenia.

Indexed as

auditory verbal hallucinationsavatar therapycase reportcognitive-behavioral therapypsychological treatmenttreatment-resistant schizophreniavirtual reality

Identifiers

PMID29713292
PMCPMC5911828
OpenAlexW2799681061

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.