ArticleScientific reports2018
Association patterns of urinary sodium, potassium, and their ratio with blood pressure across various levels of salt-diet regions in China.
Article in Scientific reports, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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14 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between the Urinary Sodium to Potassium Ratio and Blood Pressure in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2021Pooled it
- Dietary Sodium Intake and Health Indicators: A Systematic Review of Published Literature between January 2015 and December 2019.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2020Pooled it
- Association between urinary antibiotic exposure and blood pressure parameters in reproductive-age men: a biomonitoring-based cross-sectional study in China.Translational andrology and urology · 2026Article
- Sex difference in the relationship between 24-h sodium-potassium ratio and prevalence of metabolic syndromes: a cross-sectional study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Relationship between traditional risk factors for hypertension and systolic blood pressure in the Tohoku Medical Megabank Community-based Cohort Study.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2024Article
- Spot urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio is associated with blood pressure levels in healthy adolescents: the Wakayama Study.Journal of human hypertension · 2024Article
- Association between spot urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio and blood pressure among Chinese adults aged 18-69 years: the SMASH study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Impact of urinary sodium excretion on the prevalence and incidence of metabolic syndrome: a population-based study.BMJ open · 2023Article
- Association of heart rate with cardiovascular events and mortality in hypertensive and normotensive population: a nationwide prospective cohort study.Annals of translational medicine · 2021Article
- Low potassium intake and its association with blood pressure among adults in Malaysia: findings from the MyCoSS (Malaysian Community Salt Survey).Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2021Article
- Focus on the Possible Role of Dietary Sodium, Potassium, Phosphate, Magnesium, and Calcium on CKD Progression.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Review
- Urinary sodium potassium ratio is associated with clinical success after adrenalectomy in patients with unilateral primary aldosteronism.Therapeutic advances in chronic disease · 2021Article
- Association of the spot urine sodium-to-potassium ratio with blood pressure is independent of urinary Na and K levels: The Nagahama study.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2019Article
- Association of urinary sodium/potassium ratio with structural and functional vascular changes in non-diabetic hypertensive patients.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2019Article
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We aim to evaluate the association of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) with estimated urinary sodium (Na) and potassium(K) excretions, and their gram-to-gram Na/K ratio across various salt-diet regions during 2005-2009 in China. A prospective cohort study was conducted to recruit 46,285 participants in China. A single fasting morning urine specimen was collected to estimate 24-hour urinary Na and K excretion using Kawasaki formula. Means of estimated Na and K were 5.7 ± 1.7 and 2.1 ± 0.5 grams/day, respectively, and mean estimated Na/K ratio was 2.8 ± 0.8. Adjusted analyses showed 1.70 mmHg SBP and 0.49 mmHg DBP increase per 1-g increment of estimated Na, while 1.10 mmHg SBP and 0.91 mmHg DBP decrease for one-gram increase of K. A significant increase in SBP (4.33 mmHg) and DBP (1.54 mmHg) per 1 unit increase in Na/K ratio was observed. More changes of SBP (4.39 mmHg) and DBP (1.67 mmHg) per one-unit increase of Na/K ratio were observed in low-salt regions, though significant changes were also found in moderate- and heavy-salt regions (P for heterogeneity < 0.01). Conclusively, decreasing sodium combined with increasing potassium is likely to have a more beneficial effect than decreasing sodium alone, even if those were living in low-salt regions.
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