Observational studyAnnals of internal medicine2018
The Drug Overdose Epidemic and Deceased-Donor Transplantation in the United States: A National Registry Study.
Observational study in Annals of internal medicine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 80 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
80 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 194 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and Safety of Direct-Acting Antivirals in Kidney Transplantation From HCV-Viremic Donors to Negative Recipients: A Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Preemptive antiviral therapy in lung transplantation from hepatitis C donors results in a rapid and sustained virologic response.JTCVS open · 2023Trial
- Short-course, direct-acting antivirals and ezetimibe to prevent HCV infection in recipients of organs from HCV-infected donors: a phase 3, single-centre, open-label study.The lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2020Trial
- The Evolving Kidney Donor Pool Shaping Outcomes in Graft Survival.Journal of transplantation · 2026Article
- Sexual and gender minoritized persons in organ and tissue donation: a qualitative analysis.Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie · 2025Article
- Rise in deaths from drug overdose and firearm injury during coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and its impact on organ transplantation.World journal of transplantation · 2025Article
- Lung Transplantation From Donors With a History of Substance Use.Clinical transplantation · 2025Article
- Trends in candidate hepatitis C virus nucleic acid amplification test (NAT)+ listing and associated impacts on liver transplantation waitlist outcomes.American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons · 2025Article
- Review
- Increased Infectious Risk Donor Status and Equity-Relevant Predictors of Organ Donation Organization Approach and Caregiver Consent for Deceased Organ Donation in a Canadian Province (2015-2021).Clinical transplantation · 2024Observational
- Donor-DerivedOpen forum infectious diseases · 2024Review
- A Contemporary Analysis of Mental Well-being Among Living Donor Kidney Applicants.Transplantation direct · 2024Article
- To decline or not to decline: Consequences of decision-making regarding lung offers from donors with hepatitis C.The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery · 2024Article
- Rate of Deceased Kidney Donation From Potential In-Hospital Deaths in the US, 2003-2021.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Patient Perspectives on Solid Organ Transplantation From Donors With Hepatitis C Viremia to Recipients Without Hepatitis C Viremia.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Heart transplantation: advances in expanding the donor pool and xenotransplantation.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2024Review
- The changing epidemiology of adult liver transplantation in the United States in 2013-2022: The dominance of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and alcohol-associated liver disease.Hepatology communications · 2024Article
- Drug Overdose and Cardiovascular Deaths Among Deceased Organ Donors: Implications for Donor Utilization and Data Reporting.Annals of transplantation · 2023Article
- Management of Hepatitis C Virus and Hepatitis B Virus Infection in the Setting of Kidney Disease.Advances in kidney disease and health · 2023Review
- Trends in use and three-year outcomes of hepatitis C virus-viremic donor lung transplants for hepatitis C virus-seronegative recipients.The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery · 2023Article
20 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Background: The epidemic of drug overdose deaths in the United States has led to an increase in organ donors. Objective: To characterize donors who died of overdose and to analyze outcomes among transplant recipients. Design: Prospective observational cohort study. Setting: Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients, 1 January 2000 to 1 September 2017. Participants: 138 565 deceased donors; 337 934 transplant recipients at 297 transplant centers. Measurements: The primary exposure was donor mechanism of death (overdose-death donor [ODD], trauma-death donor [TDD], or medical-death donor [MDD]). Patient and graft survival and organ discard (organ recovered but not transplanted) were compared using propensity score-weighted standardized risk differences (sRDs). Results: A total of 7313 ODDs and 19 897 ODD transplants (10 347 kidneys, 5707 livers, 2471 hearts, and 1372 lungs) were identified. Overdose-death donors accounted for 1.1% of donors in 2000 and 13.4% in 2017. They were more likely to be white (85.1%), aged 21 to 40 years (66.3%), infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) (18.3%), and increased-infectious risk donors (IRDs) (56.4%). Standardized 5-year patient survival was similar for ODD organ recipients compared with TDD organ recipients (sRDs ranged from 3.1% lower to 3.9% higher survival) and MDD organ recipients (sRDs ranged from 2.1% to 5.2% higher survival). Standardized 5-year graft survival was similar between ODD and TDD grafts (minimal difference for kidneys and lungs, marginally lower [sRD, -3.2%] for livers, and marginally higher [sRD, 1.9%] for hearts). Kidney discard was higher for ODDs than TDDs (sRD, 5.2%) or MDDs (sRD, 1.5%); standardization for HCV and IRD status attenuated this difference. Limitation: Inability to distinguish between opioid and nonopioid overdoses. Conclusion: In the United States, transplantation with ODD organs has increased dramatically, with noninferior outcomes in transplant recipients. Concerns about IRD behaviors and hepatitis C among donors lead to excess discard that should be minimized given the current organ shortage. Primary Funding Source: National Institutes of Health.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.