ArticlePLoS pathogens2018
Immunophenotypic characterization of CSF B cells in virus-associated neuroinflammatory diseases.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical trial of raltegravir, an integrase inhibitor, in HAM/TSP.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2021Trial
- The emerging role of B cells in immune-mediated demyelinating diseases: mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Plasma cells in and around the central nervous system.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- B-cell depletion limits HTLV-1-infected T-cell expansion and ameliorate HTLV-1-associated myelopathy.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2024Observational
- Multiple sclerosis patient-derived spontaneous B cells have distinct EBV and host gene expression profiles in active disease.Nature microbiology · 2024Article
- Deep phenotyping of post-infectious myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Understanding immune microenvironment alterations in the brain to improve the diagnosis and treatment of diverse brain diseases.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2024Review
- Deep Phenotyping of Neurologic Postacute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2023Observational
- The repertoire of CSF antiviral antibodies in patients with neuroinflammatory diseases.Science advances · 2023Article
- Viral Immune signatures from cerebrospinal fluid extracellular vesicles and particles in HAM and other chronic neurological diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- B cells going viral in the CNS: Dynamics, complexities, and functions of B cells responding to viral encephalitis.Immunological reviews · 2022Review
- Review
- How Does the Immune System Enter the Brain?Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- T cell receptor repertoire analysis in HTLV-1-associated diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Role and Relevance of Cerebrospinal Fluid Cells in Diagnostics and Research: State-of-the-Art and Underutilized Opportunities.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- The CXCL13/CXCR5-chemokine axis in neuroinflammation: evidence of CXCR5+CD4 T cell recruitment to CSF.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2021Article
- Immunopathogenic CSF TCR repertoire signatures in virus-associated neurologic disease.JCI insight · 2021Article
- Follicular Helper CD4Mediators of inflammation · 2021Review
- Haploinsufficiency of immune checkpoint receptor CTLA4 induces a distinct neuroinflammatory disorder.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2020Observational
- Integrated single cell analysis of blood and cerebrospinal fluid leukocytes in multiple sclerosis.Nature communications · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Intrathecal antibody synthesis is a well-documented phenomenon in infectious neurological diseases as well as in demyelinating diseases, but little is known about the role of B cells in the central nervous systems. We examined B cell and T cell immunophenotypes in CSF of patients with HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) compared to healthy normal donors and subjects with the other chronic virus infection and/or neuroinflammatory diseases including HIV infection, multiple sclerosis (MS) and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Antibody secreting B cells (ASCs) were elevated in HAM/TSP patients, which was significantly correlated with intrathecal HTLV-1-specific antibody responses. High frequency of ASCs was also detected in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). While RRMS patients showed significant correlations between ASCs and memory follicular helper CD4+ T cells, CD4+CD25+ T cells were elevated in HAM/TSP patients, which were significantly correlated with ASCs and HTLV-1 proviral load. These results highlight the importance of the B cell compartment and the associated inflammatory milieu in HAM/TSP patients where virus-specific antibody production may be required to control viral persistence and/or may be associated with disease development.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.