ArticlePLoS pathogens2018
The SecA2 pathway of Mycobacterium tuberculosis exports effectors that work in concert to arrest phagosome and autophagosome maturation.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 76 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
76 citing papers in PubMed, 111 citations in OpenAlex.
- Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: a comprehensive review of pathogenesis, drug resistance, current treatment and future prospects.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- mRNA vaccine development for tuberculosis: antigen design, immune mechanisms, and translational challenges.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- HowVaccines · 2026Review
- Sec and Tat Mediated Secretion Safeguards Mycobacterium tuberculosis Membrane Homeostasis.Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP · 2026Article
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis modulates phosphorylation of host ATP6V1E1 to promote intracellular survival.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Autophagy in tuberculosis: advances, translational gaps, and the promise of host-directed therapies.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Review
- TheFrontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Screening of Novel Inhibitors Targeting the Non-ATP-binding Domain ofMedicinal chemistry (Shariqah (United Arab Emirates)) · 2026Article
- Protein-Mediated Virulence in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- Secreted proteins ofFrontiers in tuberculosis · 2026Review
- A Phosphoproteomic Analysis of Mycobacterial PknG-Mediated Host Immune Evasion.Journal of proteome research · 2025Article
- SMURF2 inhibits autophagic control ofbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Characterization of the Biological Effect Mediated by Mycobacterial Kinase PknG on Protein Phosphorylation and Acetylation.ACS omega · 2025Article
- Review
- Article
- Nanomaterial-mediated host directed therapy of tuberculosis by manipulating macrophage autophagy.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2024Review
- Role of Rab GTPases in Bacteria Escaping from Vesicle Trafficking of Host Cells.Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea) · 2024Review
- The SapM phosphatase can arrest phagosome maturation in an ESX-1 independent manner inInfection and immunity · 2024Article
- Exploring host-pathogen interactions in the Dictyostelium discoideum-Mycobacterium marinum infection model of tuberculosis.Disease models & mechanisms · 2024Review
16 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
To subvert host defenses, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) avoids being delivered to degradative phagolysosomes in macrophages by arresting the normal host process of phagosome maturation. Phagosome maturation arrest by Mtb involves multiple effectors and much remains unknown about this important aspect of Mtb pathogenesis. The SecA2 dependent protein export system is required for phagosome maturation arrest and consequently growth of Mtb in macrophages. To better understand the role of the SecA2 pathway in phagosome maturation arrest, we identified two effectors exported by SecA2 that contribute to this process: the phosphatase SapM and the kinase PknG. Then, utilizing the secA2 mutant of Mtb as a platform to study effector functions, we identified specific steps in phagosome maturation inhibited by SapM and/or PknG. By identifying a histidine residue that is essential for SapM phosphatase activity, we confirmed for the first time that the phosphatase activity of SapM is required for its effects on phagosome maturation in macrophages. We further demonstrated that SecA2 export of SapM and PknG contributes to the ability of Mtb to replicate in macrophages. Finally, we extended our understanding of the SecA2 pathway, SapM, and PknG by revealing that their contribution goes beyond preventing Mtb delivery to mature phagolysosomes and includes inhibiting Mtb delivery to autophagolysosomes. Together, our results revealed SapM and PknG to be two effectors exported by the SecA2 pathway of Mtb with distinct as well as cumulative effects on phagosome and autophagosome maturation. Our results further reveal that Mtb must have additional mechanisms of limiting acidification of the phagosome, beyond inhibiting recruitment of the V-ATPase proton pump to the phagosome, and they indicate differences between effects of Mtb on phagosome and autophagosome maturation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.