ArticleDiabetes, obesity & metabolism2018
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor expression in the human eye.
Article in Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 69 citations in OpenAlex.
- GLP-1 receptor agonists in eye disease: a comprehensive review of current research and future potential.BMC ophthalmology · 2026 · on this mapPooled it
- Anti-obesity medications impacting the eye: An emerging concern - a narrative review.World journal of methodology · 2026Review
- GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and the Ocular Surface: A Narrative Review of Restoration, Remodeling, and Clinical Implications.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2026Review
- Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and diabetic retinopathy: a systematic review of diabetic retinopathy outcomes.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Review
- Partially reversible bilateral non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy and branch retinal artery occlusion following semaglutide use. a case report.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Association of Tirzepatide versus Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists with Incident Glaucoma in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Incretin-Based Drugs for Obesity: Common and Drug-Specific Reporting Patterns of Adverse Drug Reactions-A Comparative Disproportionality Analysis Using EudraVigilance Reports Integrating SmPC Data.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Exendin-4 averts all-trans-retinal-driven damage to photoreceptors and the retina via the GLP-1R/PKA/CREB1 signaling axis.Cellular & molecular biology letters · 2026Article
- Neglected GLP-1 receptors in the eyes and nose: possible correlation with regulation of appetite.Endocrine · 2026Review
- Acute onset of neovascular age-related macular degeneration after initiation of tirzepatide.Diabetology international · 2026Article
- The science of safety: adverse effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists as glucose-lowering and obesity medications.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Review
- Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists and Ocular Disease: Mechanisms, Evidence and Therapeutic Perspectives.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Effects of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist liraglutide on retinal endothelial function and oxidative stress during sepsis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Divergent ocular safety profiles of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists: a pharmacological heterogeneity framework.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Optic disc edema during semaglutide therapy: case report and literature review.American journal of ophthalmology case reports · 2025Article
- Transpupillary in vivo two-photon imaging reveals enhanced surveillance of retinal microglia in diabetic mice.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Understanding the risk of diabetic retinopathy from glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists: a Mendelian randomization study and systematic review of European populations.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2025Article
- Semaglutide or Tirzepatide and Optic Nerve and Visual Pathway Disorders in Type 2 Diabetes.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Risk of Glaucoma in Patients without Diabetes Using a Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonist.Ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonist Stimulation Inhibits Laser-Induced Choroidal Neovascularization by Suppressing Intraocular Inflammation.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Semaglutide is a human glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogue that is in development for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. In the pre-approval cardiovascular outcomes trial SUSTAIN 6, semaglutide was associated with a significant increase in the risk of diabetic retinopathy (DR) complications vs placebo. GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) expression has previously been demonstrated in the retina in animals and humans; however, antibodies used to detect expression have been documented to be non-specific and fail to detect the GLP-1R using immunohistochemistry (IHC), a problem common for many G-protein coupled receptors. Using a validated GLP-1R antibody for IHC and in situ hybridization for GLP-1R mRNA in normal human eyes, GLP-1Rs were detected in a small fraction of neurons in the ganglion cell layer. In advanced stages of DR, GLP-1R expression was not detected at the protein or mRNA level. Specifically, no GLP-1R expression was found in the eyes of people with long-standing proliferative DR (PDR). In conclusion, GLP-1R expression is low in normal human eyes and was not detected in eyes exhibiting advanced stages of PDR.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.