ArticleAddiction (Abingdon, England)2018
Does early exposure to caffeine promote smoking and alcohol use behavior? A prospective analysis of middle school students.
Article in Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- Limited change in adolescent value-based risk choices following acute sleep restriction and caffeine.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Trial
- The effect of caffeine use in the relationship between gaming and sleep in adolescents: A mediation analysis.Journal of behavioral addictions · 2025Article
- Caffeine, Daytime Sleepiness, and Conduct Problems Among Early Adolescents: A Longitudinal Analysis.The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2025Article
- Predicting Genetic Risk for Impulsivity and Substance Use in Adolescence.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Adolescents' neural responses to their parents' emotions: associations with emotion regulation, internalizing symptoms, and substance use.Social cognitive and affective neuroscience · 2024Article
- Adolescent caffeine use and problematic school behavior: A longitudinal analysis of student survey data and teacher observations.Journal of adolescence · 2024Article
- Sex differences in emotion- and reward-related neural responses predicting increases in substance use in adolescence.Behavioural brain research · 2023Article
- Demographic and behavioural correlates of energy drink consumption.Public health nutrition · 2023Article
- Norwegian adolescents' use of energy drinks and painkillers and misuse of prescription drugs prior to and during the initial COVID-19 pandemic year: Evidence from the MyLife study.Scandinavian journal of public health · 2023Article
- Possible role of caffeine in nicotine use onset among early adolescents: Evidence from the Young Mountaineer Health Study Cohort.PloS one · 2023Article
- Caffeine consumption and onset of alcohol use among early adolescents.Preventive medicine · 2022Article
- Risk and Resilience Pathways, Community Adversity, Decision-making, and Alcohol Use Among Appalachian Adolescents: Protocol for the Longitudinal Young Mountaineer Health Study Cohort.JMIR research protocols · 2022Article
- Self-reported sleep and circadian characteristics predict alcohol and cannabis use: A longitudinal analysis of the National Consortium on Alcohol and Neurodevelopment in Adolescence Study.Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research · 2022Article
- School Climate as an Intervention to Reduce Academic Failure and Educate the Whole Child: A Longitudinal Study.The Journal of school health · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimsDespite the negative consequences associated with caffeine use among children and youth, its use is increasingly widespread among middle school students. Cross-sectional studies reveal links between caffeine and other substance use. The potential for caffeine use to confer increased vulnerability to substance use, however, has not been investigated using prospective designs. We hypothesized that caffeine use at baseline would be associated positively with increased alcohol use, drunkenness, smoking and e-cigarette use.
designProspective cohort study with 12 months separating baseline from follow-up.
settingWest Virginia, USA.
participantsMiddle school students (6th and 7th grades; n = 3932) in three West Virginia (WV) counties provided data at baseline and follow-up 12 months later. MEASUREMENTS: Youth self-reported their use of caffeine from multiple sources (e.g. soda, energy drinks, coffee and tea), cigarette smoking, electronic cigarette use, alcohol use and drunkenness.
findingsCross-lagged path models for individual substance use categories provided a good fit to the data. Controlling for demographic variables and other substance use at baseline, caffeine at time 1 (T1) was associated positively with T2 cigarette smoking (β = 0.27, P = 0.001), e-cigarette use (β = 0.21, P = 0.001), alcohol use (β = 0.17, P = 0.001) and drunkenness (β = 0.15, P = 0.001). Conversely, non-significant relations emerged between three of four substances at T1 and caffeine at T2. Positive relations were found between e-cigarette use at T1 and caffeine use at T2 (β = 0.07, P = 0.006). These findings were supported by an omnibus model with all substances included. Specifically, significant relations were observed between caffeine at T1 and all substance use outcomes at T2, whereas no significant relations were observed between substance use and caffeine over time.
conclusionsCaffeine may promote early use of other types of substances among middle school-aged adolescents.
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