ArticleOncotarget2018
Impact of tobacco smoking on the risk of developing 25 different cancers in the UK: a retrospective study of 422,010 patients followed for up to 30 years.
Article in Oncotarget, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05678426 (TirolGESUND), which is not on this map. Cited by 54 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
TirolGESUND: General Exercise, Smoking Undone, and Nutrition Diet
Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 130 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of cigarette smoking habits with the risk of prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2023Pooled it
- Association of Personal Characteristics and Effectiveness of Immunotherapy in Late-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review.JNCI cancer spectrum · 2022Pooled it
- Gastric carcinoma and renal cell carcinoma as an atypical presentation of multiple primary malignancies: a case report and review of the literature.Journal of medical case reports · 2020Pooled it
- Current and former smokers among adolescents aged 12-17 years in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2020Pooled it
- Effects of smoking on outcomes of hematopoietic cell transplantation: a systemic review and future directions.Bone marrow transplantation · 2019Pooled it
- e-Cigarettes, Smoking Cessation, and Weight Change: Retrospective Secondary Analysis of the Evaluating the Efficacy of e-Cigarette Use for Smoking Cessation Trial.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2024Trial
- Risk of second primary malignancies after bladder cancer diagnosed at a young age: a SEER population-based analysis.International journal of clinical oncology · 2026Article
- Drug Discovery Targeting Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors for Hearing Loss.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Cigarette smoking combines with genetic variants to regulate FOXN3 and associate with bladder cancer risk.Archives of toxicology · 2026Article
- Causal deep learning to personalize medicine: Which intensive care patients with sepsis will benefit from corticosteroid therapy?Journal of intensive medicine · 2026Article
- Women's Occupational Tobacco Dust Exposure in Indonesia (T-CHARM): Protocol for a Prospective Cohort Study.JMIR research protocols · 2025Article
- Leveraging large language models to extract smoking history from clinical notes for lung cancer surveillance.NPJ digital medicine · 2025Article
- Pharmacological interventions targeting β-adrenoceptors in colorectal cancer: an evolving paradigm.Inflammopharmacology · 2025Review
- From exposure to innovation: decoding aromatic amines' role in bladder cancer mechanisms.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Article
- A Pan-Cancer Analysis of Age and Sex Differences in Cancer Incidence and Survival in the United States, 2001-2020.Cancers · 2025Article
- GI cancer mortality in participants in low dose CT screening for lung cancer with a focus on pancreatic cancer.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Bladder Adenocarcinoma in a Constellation of Multiple Site Malignancies: An Unusual Case and Systematic Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
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- Chronic Low Back Pain: History, Symptoms, Pain Mechanisms, and Treatment.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe aim of this study was to analyze the impact of tobacco smoking on the risk of developing 25 different cancers in patients followed for up to 30 years in general practices in the UK.
methodsThis study included all individuals with at least one visit to one of 196 general practitioners' offices in the UK between January 1988 and December 2008 (index date). Only individuals with documented smoking status were included. Smokers and non-smokers were matched (1:1) by age, gender, index year, body mass index, and physician. The main outcome of the study was the risk of cancer as a function of smoking status. Data regarding a total of 25 cancers were available for the present analysis. The risk of cancer was analyzed using Cox's regression model.
resultsThe present retrospective study included 211,005 smokers and 211,005 non-smokers. The mean age was 36.5 years (SD = 12.5 years) in men and 34.3 years (SD = 13.1 years) in women. There was a slightly positive association between smoking and any cancer in both men (HR = 1.07) and women (HR = 1.03). Smoking was further found to be positively associated with several cancers, such as liver cancer, bladder and kidney cancers, pancreas cancer, and lymphoma. By contrast, the use of tobacco was negatively associated with the risk of developing skin cancer, prostate cancer, multiple myeloma, endometrial carcinoma, or breast cancer.
conclusionsSmoking increased the overall risk of cancer in primary care practices in the UK. In addition, smoking was predominantly positively and less frequently negatively associated with numerous specific cancers.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.