Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29706320›Full record

ReviewMolecular metabolism2018

Sex differences in obesity, lipid metabolism, and inflammation-A role for the sex chromosomes?

Temeka Zore, Maria Palafox, Karen Reue

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Molecular metabolism, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 127 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
127citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
15.4field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

127 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 246 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Trial
  5. Sexual dimorphism in the liver.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2026
    Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Exploring sex bias in cardiometabolic diseases.Lipids in health and disease · 2026
    Review
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Sexual Dimorphism in the Development of Cardiometabolic Syndrome.Handbook of experimental pharmacology · 2026
    Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Review

67 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Temeka ZoreDepartment of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
Maria PalafoxDepartment of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
Karen ReueDepartment of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. Electronic address: reuek@ucla.edu.
University of California, Los Angeles · US

Funding

Systems genomics of metabolic syndrome traitsP01HL028481 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI LUSIS, ALDONS JAKE · 1985 to 2019
$50.2M
Sex Differences in the Metabolic SyndromeU54DK120342 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI REUE, KAREN · 2018 to 2022
$7.6M
Sex differences in obesity and metabolic diseaseR01DK083561 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI ARNOLD, ARTHUR P, CHEN, XUQI · 2010 to 2014
$1.6M
NHLBI NIH HHS P01 HL028481NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK083561NIDDK NIH HHS U54 DK120342
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSex differences in obesity and related diseases are well established. Gonadal hormones are a major determinant of these sex differences. However, sex differences in body size and composition are evident prior to exposure to gonadal hormones, providing evidence for gonadal-independent contributions attributable to the XX or XY sex chromosome complement. Large-scale genetic studies have revealed male/female differences in the genetic architecture of adipose tissue amount and anatomical distribution. However, these studies have typically neglected the X and Y chromosomes. SCOPE OF THE REVIEW: Here we discuss how the sex chromosome complement may influence obesity, lipid levels, and inflammation. Human sex chromosome anomalies such as Klinefelter syndrome (XXY), as well as mouse models with engineered alterations in sex chromosome complement, support an important role for sex chromosomes in obesity and metabolism. In particular, the Four Core Genotypes mouse model-consisting of XX mice with either ovaries or testes, and XY mice with either ovaries or testes-has revealed an effect of X chromosome dosage on adiposity, hyperlipidemia, and inflammation irrespective of male or female gonads. Mechanisms may include enhanced expression of genes that escape X chromosome inactivation. MAJOR

conclusionsAlthough less well studied than effects of gonadal hormones, sex chromosomes exert independent and interactive effects on adiposity, lipid metabolism, and inflammation. In particular, the presence of two X chromosomes has been associated with increased adiposity and dyslipidemia in mouse models and in XXY men. The enhanced expression of genes that escape X chromosome inactivation may contribute, but more work is required.

Indexed as

Lipid MetabolismSex CharacteristicsAnimalsHumansInflammationObesitySex ChromosomesX Chromosome InactivationAdipose tissueGeneticsGonadal hormonesMouse modelsSex chromosome anomaliesX chromosome inactivation

Identifiers

PMID29706320
PMCPMC6066740
OpenAlexW2798149087

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.