ArticleBMJ open2018
Educational differences in psychological distress? Results from a population-based sample of men and women in Sweden in 2012.
Article in BMJ open, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed.
- Psychological distress in single fathers and mothers - a Swedish population-based study.Scandinavian journal of public health · 2026Article
- Association of social determinants of health and psychological distress among adults in the united states: a cross-sectional study.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2026Article
- Psychological Distress and Presenteeism During the Pandemic Period: A Quantitative Study Among Nurses From Emergency and Critical Care.Journal of nursing management · 2026Article
- The contribution of unpaid labour to poor mental health in the Swedish working population.SSM - population health · 2025Article
- Exploring psychological distress among lung cancer patients through the stress system model.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Caregiving responsibility and psychological distress among community-dwelling cancer survivors in the United States.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2025Article
- The Relationship Between Anxiety and Employment Status in a German Working-Age Population: Findings on Sex-Specific Prevalence Rates and Associated Factors of Anxiety From the LIFE-Adult-Study.Depression and anxiety · 2025Article
- Association and causal mediation between marital status and depression in seven countries.Nature human behaviour · 2024Article
- Effect of Distress, Anxiety, and Depressive Symptoms on SARS-CoV-2 mRNA BNT162b2 Vaccine Efficacy in Cancer Patients.Cancers · 2024Article
- Gestational diabetes perception profiles based on attachment style: a cross-sectional study.Acta diabetologica · 2024Article
- Incidence and risk factors for psychological distress in adult female patients with breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Review
- Article
- The association between social determinants of health and psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic: a secondary analysis among four racial/ethnic groups.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Lifestyle, Demographic and Socio-Economic Determinants of Mental Health Disorders of Employees in the European Countries.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Joint association of socioeconomic circumstances and minor mental health problems with antidepressant medication.European journal of public health · 2022Article
- Gender differences in mental distress and affect balance during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic in Spain.Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.) · 2022Article
- Living conditions, lifestyle habits and health among adults before and after the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak in Sweden - results from a cross-sectional population-based study.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Identification of risk groups for mental disorders, headache and oral behaviors in adults during the COVID-19 pandemic.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Common Mental Disorders, Functional Limitation and Diet Quality Trends and Related Factors among COPD Patients in Spain, 2006-2017: Evidence from Spanish National Health Surveys.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
- Factors associated with psychological stress and distress among Korean adults: the results from Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.Scientific reports · 2020Article
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2 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundMental health problems are more frequent in socially disadvantaged groups, but the results vary between different studies, different populations and different measures of mental health. This paper investigated the association between educational level, economic difficulties and psychological distress in men and women in Sweden.
methodsThe study population included 24 510 respondents aged 25-74 years who responded to a survey questionnaire in Mid-Sweden in 2012 (response rate 53%). Psychological distress was measured with the 12-item version of the General Health Questionnaire, and multivariate logistic regression models were used in statistical analyses, adjusting for age, employment status and social support.
resultsThe prevalence of psychological distress was higher in women (16.4%) than in men (11.3%; p<0.001). Persons with low and medium educational level had a lower risk of psychological distress than persons with high educational level after adjustment for confounders. Economic difficulties had a strong association with psychological distress (OR 2.80 (95% CI 2.39 to 3.27) and OR 2.40 (95% CI 2.12 to 3.71) in men and women, respectively) after adjustment for confounders.
conclusionWe found a strong association between economic difficulties and psychological distress in this study, but no inverse association between educational level and psychological distress. On the contrary, persons with high education had more psychological distress than persons with low and medium education when age, employment status and social support were taken into account. The findings were similar in men and women.
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