ArticleGastric cancer : official journal of the International Gastric Cancer Association and the Japanese Gastric Cancer Association2018
Gastrokine 1 protein is a potential theragnostic target for gastric cancer.
Article in Gastric cancer : official journal of the International Gastric Cancer Association and the Japanese Gastric Cancer Association, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers.
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45 citing papers in PubMed, 65 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Proteomic profiling identifies an oncogene ITGA2 and its downstream targets in gastric cancer.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Article
- Toward Computationally Complete Spatial Omics.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Exosome-Based Theranostic for Gastrointestinal Cancer: Advances in Biomarker Discovery and Therapeutic Engineering.Small methods · 2025Review
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- Functions and Clinical Applications of Exosomes in Gastric Cancer.International journal of biological sciences · 2025Review
- Exosomes and their cargo proteins in diagnosis, process and treatment of gastric cancer.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
- Exosomal proteins: new targets for early diagnosis and treatment of cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Gastrokine 1 transferred by gastric cancer exosomes inhibits growth and invasion of gastric cancer cells in vitro and in vivo.Journal of cell communication and signaling · 2024Article
- Tumor-derived extracellular vesicle proteins as new biomarkers and targets in precision oncology.Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) · 2024Review
- Roles and application of exosomes in the development, diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer.World journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2024Review
- Protein cargo in extracellular vesicles as the key mediator in the progression of cancer.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2024Review
- The role of exosomal molecular cargo in exosome biogenesis and disease diagnosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- IL-33 Accelerates Chronic Atrophic Gastritis through AMPK-ULK1 Axis Mediated Autolysosomal Degradation of GKN1.International journal of biological sciences · 2024Article
- The biological role of extracellular vesicles in gastric cancer metastasis.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2024Review
- Circulating Proteins as Diagnostic Markers in Gastric Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Recent progress in exosome research: isolation, characterization and clinical applications.Cancer gene therapy · 2023Review
- Research progress on exosomal proteins as diagnostic markers of gastric cancer (review article).Clinical and experimental medicine · 2023Review
- Review
- Effects of Co-Culture EBV-miR-BART1-3p on Proliferation and Invasion of Gastric Cancer Cells Based on Exosomes.Cancers · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundGastrokine 1 (GKN1) plays important roles in maintaining mucosal homeostasis, and in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation. Here, we determined whether GKN1 is a potential theragnostic marker for gastric cancer.
methodsWe identified GKN1 binding proteins using the protein microarray assay and investigated whether GKN1 is one of the exosomal cargo proteins by western blot, immunoprecipitation, and immunofluorescent assays. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were analyzed by MTT, BrdU incorporation, flow cytometry, and western blot assays. We further validated the functional relevance of exosomal GKN1 in MKN1-injected xenograft mice. The possibility of serum GKN1 as a diagnostic marker for gastric cancer was determined by ELISA assay.
resultsIn protein microarray assay, GKN1 binding to 27 exosomal proteins was clearly observed. GKN1 was expressed in exosomes derived from HFE-145 gastric epithelial cells by western blot and immunofluorescent assays, but not in exosomes from AGS and MKN1 gastric cancer cells. Exosomes carrying GKN1 inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in both AGS and MKN1 cells, and exosomes carrying GKN1-treated nude mice-bearing MKN1 xenograft tumors exhibited significantly reduced tumor volume and tumor weight. Silencing of clathrin markedly down-regulated the internalization of exosomal GKN1. Interestingly, serum GKN1 concentrations in patients with gastric cancer were significantly lower than those in healthy individuals and patients with colorectal and hepatocellular carcinomas.
conclusionsThe GKN1 is secreted and internalized in the gastric epithelium by exosome-driven transfer, which inhibits gastric tumorigenesis and supports the clinical application of GKN1 protein in gastric cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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