ArticleBMJ open2018
Evaluating the long-term consequences of air pollution in early life: geographical correlations between coal consumption in 1951/1952 and current mortality in England and Wales.
Article in BMJ open, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- The "Cairo Accord"- towards the eradication of RHD: revisited (2026).Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Methylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from household coal use across the life course and risk of lung cancer in a large cohort of 42,420 subjects in Xuanwei, China.Environment international · 2023Article
- Early Origins of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Prenatal and Early Life Risk Factors.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Review
- The "Cairo Accord"- Towards the Eradication of RHD: An Update.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2021Review
- THE EXPOSOME IN HUMAN EVOLUTION: FROM DUST TO DIESEL.The Quarterly review of biology · 2019Article
- Ambient Air Pollution and Daily Hospital Admissions for Respiratory Disease in Children in Guiyang, China.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2019Article
- Adverse early-life environmental exposures and their repercussions on adult respiratory health.Jornal de pediatriaReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo evaluate associations between early life air pollution and subsequent mortality.
designGeographical study.
settingLocal government districts within England and Wales. EXPOSURE: Routinely collected geographical data on the use of coal and related solid fuels in 1951-1952 were used as an index of air pollution.
main outcome measuresWe evaluated the relationship between these data and both all-cause and disease-specific mortality among men and women aged 35-74 years in local government districts between 1993 and 2012.
resultsDomestic (household) coal consumption had the most powerful associations with mortality. There were strong correlations between domestic coal use and all-cause mortality (relative risk per SD increase in fuel use 1.124, 95% CI 1.123 to 1.126), and respiratory (1.238, 95% CI 1.234 to 1.242), cardiovascular (1.138, 95% CI 1.136 to 1.140) and cancer mortality (1.073, 95% CI 1.071 to 1.075). These effects persisted after adjustment for socioeconomic indicators in 1951, current socioeconomic indicators and current pollution levels.
conclusionCoal was the major cause of pollution in the UK until the Clean Air Act of 1956 led to a rapid decline in consumption. These data suggest that coal-based pollution, experienced over 60 years ago in early life, affects human health now by increasing mortality from a wide variety of diseases.
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