ArticleJournal of thoracic oncology : official publication of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer2018
Expression Patterns, Prognostic Value, and Intratumoral Heterogeneity of PD-L1 and PD-1 in Thymoma and Thymic Carcinoma.
Article in Journal of thoracic oncology : official publication of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prognostic and clinicopathological roles of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in thymic epithelial tumors: A meta-analysis.Thoracic cancer · 2020Pooled it
- Thymic epithelial tumors: what's next?Cancer metastasis reviews · 2026Review
- Galectin-7 as a biomarker for aggressiveness and poor prognosis in thymic epithelial tumors.Translational oncology · 2026Article
- Prognostic and predictive biomarkers in thymic epithelial tumors: beyond traditional staging: a narrative review.Mediastinum (Hong Kong, China) · 2026Review
- Pathobiology of thymic epithelial tumours and the treatment strategy based on immuno-oncological characteristics: a narrative review.Mediastinum (Hong Kong, China) · 2026Review
- Recurrence Patterns, Treatment Outcomes, and Prognostic Factors of Thymic Carcinoma: A Multicenter Study.Cancers · 2025Article
- Multi-sequence MRI based radiomics nomogram for prediction expression of programmed death ligand 1 in thymic epithelial tumor.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Article
- ACTN4 is associated with the malignant potential of thymic epithelial tumors through the β-catenin/Slug pathway.Cancer science · 2024Article
- Review
- Review
- PD-L1 Expression in Neoplastic and Immune Cells of Thymic Epithelial Tumors: Correlations with Disease Characteristics and HDAC Expression.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Article
- Case report: Toripalimab plus anlotinib in postoperative recurrent renal pelvic sarcomatoid urothelial carcinoma.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Article
- Autoimmunity in thymic epithelial tumors: a not yet clarified pathologic paradigm associated with several unmet clinical needs.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- PD-1 expression in tumor infiltrating lymphocytes as a prognostic marker in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Article
- Immunotherapy in thymic epithelial tumors: tissue predictive biomarkers for immune checkpoint inhibitors.Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy · 2024Review
- Review
- Review
- Immunologic Significance of CD80/CD86 or Major Histocompatibility Complex-II Expression in Thymic Epithelial Tumors.JTO clinical and research reports · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionThymic epithelial tumors (TETs) including thymoma and thymic carcinoma are rare tumors with little data available to guide treatment. Immunotherapy with checkpoint blockade has shown promising activity, but data regarding the expression patterns and prognostic implications of programmed death 1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) in TETs have yielded conflicting results. Intratumoral heterogeneity of PD-1/L1 expression has been shown in other cancers, but has not been described in the TET literature.
methodsWe performed a retrospective single-center review of 35 patients with resected TET. PD-1/L1 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry using PD-1 clone: NAT105 and PD-L1 clone: 22C3. Tumor samples from 35 patients were evaluated including 32 patients with thymoma and 3 patients with thymic carcinoma.
resultsPD-L1 expression was detected in 83% (29 of 35) tumor samples, including 100% (3 of 3) of thymic carcinoma patients and 81% (26 of 32) of thymoma patients. PD-1 expression was detected in 77% (27 of 35), including 33% (1 of 3) of thymic carcinoma patients and 81% (26 of 32) thymoma patients. High PD-1 expression was associated with lower grade tumors. Unlike prior studies, PD-L1 expression was not associated with higher grade tumors or higher stage. Neither PD-L1 nor PD-1 expression was significantly associated with survival. Three patients with thymoma had multiple tumor sections evaluated for expression of PD-1/L1, with differing expression patterns of both PD-L1 and PD-1 observed in two patients.
conclusionsThis study confirms high expression of PD-L1 and PD-1 in TET and shows for the first time intratumoral heterogeneity of PD-L1 and PD-1 in thymoma patients.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.