ArticleChemical research in toxicology2018
Influence of Smoking Puff Parameters and Tobacco Varieties on Free Radicals Yields in Cigarette Mainstream Smoke.
Article in Chemical research in toxicology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evaluating CYP enzyme induction by cigarette smoking: a new in vitro approach using primary human hepatocytes.Archives of toxicology · 2025Article
- Smoking is a significant contributor to intraoperative blood loss in metastatic spinal tumor surgery: a propensity score analysis.BMC cancer · 2025Article
- Free Radicals in Little Cigar Mainstream Smoke and the Potential Influence of Flavoring Chemicals on Free Radical Production.Chemical research in toxicology · 2024Article
- Evaluation of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Biomarkers in Chronic Cigarette Smokers: A Pilot Study.Cureus · 2024Article
- Influence of Tobacco Variety and Curing on Free Radical Production in Cigarette Smoke.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2023Article
- Tobacco Nitrate and Free Radical Levels in the Mainstream Smoke of US Cigarette Brands.Chemical research in toxicology · 2023Article
- Effects of tobacco nitrate content on free radical levels in mainstream smoke.Free radical biology & medicine · 2022Article
- Antioxidant Systems, lncRNAs, and Tunneling Nanotubes in Cell Death Rescue from Cigarette Smoke Exposure.Cells · 2022Review
- Short-term whole body cigarette smoke exposure induces regional differences in cellular response in the mouse larynx.Toxicology reports · 2021Article
- Free Radical Production and Characterization of Heat-Not-Burn Cigarettes in Comparison to Conventional and Electronic Cigarettes.Chemical research in toxicology · 2020Article
- Free Radical and Nicotine Yields in Mainstream Smoke of Chinese Marketed Cigarettes: Variation with Smoking Regimens and Cigarette Brands.Chemical research in toxicology · 2020Article
- Comparative assessment of individual RONS in serum of smokers compared with non-smokers and their correlation with the lipid profile and antioxidant status.The Journal of international medical research · 2019Article
- Relationships among smoking, oxidative stress, inflammation, macromolecular damage, and cancer.Mutation research. Reviews in mutation researchReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cigarette smoke is a major exogenous source of free radicals, and the resulting oxidative stress is one of the major causes of smoking-caused diseases. Yet, many of the factors that impact free radical delivery from cigarettes remain unclear. In this study, we machine-smoked cigarettes and measured the levels of gas- and particulate-phase radicals by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy using standardized smoking regimens (International Organization of Standardization (ISO) and Canadian Intense (CI)), puffing parameters, and tobacco blends. Radical delivery per cigarette was significantly greater in both gas (4-fold) and particulate (6-fold) phases when cigarettes were smoked under the CI protocol compared to the ISO protocol. Total puff volume per cigarette was the major factor with radical production being proportional to total volume, regardless of whether volume differences were achieved by changes in individual puff volume or puff frequency. Changing puff shape (bell vs sharp vs square) or puff duration (1-5 s), without changing volume, had no effect on radical yields. Tobacco variety did have a significant impact on free radical production, with gas-phase radicals highest in reconstituted > burley > oriental > bright tobacco and particulate-phase radicals highest in burley > bright > oriental > reconstituted tobacco. Our findings show that modifiable cigarette design features and measurable user smoking behaviors are key factors determining free radical exposure in smokers.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.