ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2018
TGF-β and the Tissue Microenvironment: Relevance in Fibrosis and Cancer.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 213 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
213 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 333 citations in OpenAlex.
- The risk of malignancy in patients with IgG4-related disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Arthritis research & therapy · 2022Pooled it
- An injectable hydrogel for localized sustained release of artesunate in postoperative fibrosis prevention after glaucoma filtration surgery.Drug delivery · 2026Article
- Metabolic reprogramming in cancer-associated fibroblasts: orchestrating the tumor immune microenvironment and response to immune checkpoint blockade.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2026Review
- LOXL4: a key regulatory factor at the intersection of fibrosis and tumor progression.Human cell · 2026Review
- Systems pharmacology, structural modeling, and experimental validation reveal retinoic acid as a modulator of immune-fibrotic networks in chronic kidney disease.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Lactic Acid Bacteria with Probiotic Potential Regulating Macrophages: Mechanisms, Regulatory Features, and Clinical Applications.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Review
- Targeting the Barriers Driving Immune Exclusion.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Therapeutic Strategies Targeting the Tumor-Stromal Microenvironment in Colorectal Cancer: A Narrative Review.Targeted oncology · 2026Review
- The pro-cancer and immunosuppressive activity of macrophage-transformed cancer-associated fibroblasts in oral squamous cell carcinoma.Journal of advanced research · 2026Article
- Automating Vascular Biology: An End-to-End Automated Workflow for High-Throughput Blood Vessel-on-a-Chip Production and Multi-Site Validation.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- DOTAP-Based Hybrid Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for CRISPR-Cas9 RNP Delivery TargetingPharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Cell-type specific activation of the cGAS-STING pathway in tumor immunotherapy: mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- TGF-β1/SMAD signaling downregulates KLF4 expression via direct transcriptional suppression and FAT10-mediated proteasomal degradation in hepatocellular carcinoma.Cell & bioscience · 2026Article
- SCFAs' pleiotropic role in pathogenesis and salutogenesis: mechanisms in exacerbation and regulation of inflammation and fibrosis from gut to host.Journal of medical microbiology · 2026Review
- Immunotherapy resistance and strategies in malignant pleural mesothelioma.Cancer drug resistance (Alhambra, Calif.) · 2026Review
- Integrative genomic analysis identifies key target genes and candidate drugs for spinal stenosis.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2026Article
- Klotho-derived peptide 1 ameliorates hepatic fibrosis induced by αKlotho deficiency and liver injury.International journal of biological sciences · 2026Article
- Comprehensive analysis of the TGF-β signaling pathway: molecular mechanisms, disease drivers, and frontiers in clinical translation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The intersection of liver cirrhosis and pulmonary fibrosis.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Nanomedicine-Based Strategies for Mitigating Chemo/Radiotherapy-Induced Cardiac Inflammation and Fibrosis.Cardiovascular toxicology · 2025Review
153 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a cytokine essential for the induction of the fibrotic response and for the activation of the cancer stroma. Strong evidence suggests that a strong cross-talk exists among TGF-β and the tissue extracellular matrix components. TGF-β is stored in the matrix as part of a large latent complex bound to the latent TGF-β binding protein (LTBP) and matrix binding of latent TGF-β complexes, which is required for an adequate TGF-β function. Once TGF-β is activated, it regulates extracellular matrix remodelling and promotes a fibroblast to myofibroblast transition, which is essential in fibrotic processes. This cytokine also acts on other cell types present in the fibrotic and tumour microenvironment, such as epithelial, endothelial cells or macrophages and it contributes to the cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) phenotype. Furthermore, TGF-β exerts anti-tumour activity by inhibiting the host tumour immunosurveillance. Aim of this review is to update how TGF-β and the tissue microenvironment cooperate to promote the pleiotropic actions that regulate cell responses of different cell types, essential for the development of fibrosis and tumour progression. We discuss recent evidences suggesting the use of TGF-β chemical inhibitors as a new line of defence against fibrotic disorders or cancer.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.