ReviewImmunology2018
Early programming and late-acting checkpoints governing the development of CD4 T-cell memory.
Review in Immunology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cell-Intrinsic Type I Interferon Signaling as a Pleiotropic Orchestrator of CD4 T Cell Immunity.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Reduced T Cell and Antibody Responses to Inactivated Coronavirus Vaccine Among Individuals Above 55 Years Old.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Durable CD4 T-Cell Memory Generation Depends on Persistence of High Levels of Infection at an Effector Checkpoint that Determines Multiple Fates.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology · 2021Review
- B and T Cell Immunity in Tissues and Across the Ages.Vaccines · 2021Review
- CD25-Targeted IL-2 Signals Promote Improved Outcomes of Influenza Infection and Boost Memory CD4 T Cell Formation.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2020Article
- Memory CD4Cells · 2020Review
- The Importance of Vaccinating Children and Pregnant Women against Influenza Virus Infection.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Review
- T-bet optimizes CD4 T-cell responses against influenza through CXCR3-dependent lung trafficking but not functional programming.Mucosal immunology · 2019Article
- Origins of CD4Immunology · 2019Review
- Knockdown of PKM2 enhances radiosensitivity of cervical cancer cells.Cancer cell international · 2019Article
- Cigarette smoke extract acts directly on CD4 T cells to enhance Th1 polarization and reduce memory potential.Cellular immunology · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
CD4 T cells contribute to protection against pathogens through numerous mechanisms. Incorporating the goal of memory CD4 T-cell generation into vaccine strategies therefore offers a powerful approach to improve their efficacy, especially in situations where humoral responses alone cannot confer long-term immunity. These threats include viruses such as influenza that mutate coat proteins to avoid neutralizing antibodies, but that are targeted by T cells that recognize more conserved protein epitopes shared by different strains. A major barrier in the design of such vaccines is that the mechanisms controlling the efficiency with which memory cells form remain incompletely understood. Here, we discuss recent insights into fate decisions controlling memory generation. We focus on the importance of three general cues: interleukin-2, antigen and co-stimulatory interactions. It is increasingly clear that these signals have a powerful influence on the capacity of CD4 T cells to form memory during two distinct phases of the immune response. First, through 'programming' that occurs during initial priming, and second, through 'checkpoints' that operate later during the effector stage. These findings indicate that novel vaccine strategies must seek to optimize cognate interactions, during which interleukin-2-, antigen- and co-stimulation-dependent signals are tightly linked, well beyond initial antigen encounter to induce robust memory CD4 T cells.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.