ReviewTargeted oncology2018
Medical Treatment Options for Patients with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutation-Positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Suffering from Brain Metastases and/or Leptomeningeal Disease.
Review in Targeted oncology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. It is linked to trial NCT04425681 (Phase II Study of Osimertinib With Bevacizumab for Leptomeningeal Metastasis From EGFR-mutation Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer), which is not on this map. Cited by 28 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Phase II Study of Osimertinib With Bevacizumab for Leptomeningeal Metastasis From EGFR-mutation Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- ESMO-ESTRO consensus statements on the safety of combining radiotherapy with EGFR, ALK, or BRAF/MEK inhibitors.ESMO open · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Phase II trial of afatinib in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma with genetic alterations in ERBB1-3 (LUX-Bladder 1).British journal of cancer · 2024Trial
- Osimertinib combined with bevacizumab for leptomeningeal metastasis from EGFR-mutation non-small cell lung cancer: A phase II single-arm prospective clinical trial.Thoracic cancer · 2021Trial
- Effect of combining targeted therapies or chemotherapy with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) on the prognosis of patients with brain metastases from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Journal of neuro-oncology · 2025Article
- Impact of EGFR mutation subtypes and TKI generations on clinical outcomes in lung adenocarcinoma patients with brain metastases treated with gamma knife radiosurgery.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2025Article
- Neurological symptom management in breast cancer meningeal carcinomatosis.Translational breast cancer research : a journal focusing on translational research in breast cancer · 2025Review
- Does dose reduction of afatinib affect treatment outcomes of patients withTranslational lung cancer research · 2024Article
- A real-world study of Afatinib plus ramucirumab in treatment-naïve, EGFR-mutated, non-small cell lung cancer.BMC cancer · 2023Article
- Novel Therapeutic Approaches in Neoplastic Meningitis.Cancers · 2022Review
- Safety and efficacy of combining afatinib and whole-brain radiation therapy in treating brain metastases from EGFR-mutated NSCLC: a case report and literature review.BJR case reports · 2022Article
- Differences in actionable genomic alterations between brain metastases and non‑brain metastases in patients with non‑small cell lung cancer.International journal of oncology · 2022Article
- The multi-kinase inhibitor afatinib serves as a novel candidate for the treatment of human uveal melanoma.Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2022Article
- Targeting tumor endothelial hyperglycolysis enhances immunotherapy through remodeling tumor microenvironment.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2022Article
- Sequential Afatinib and Osimertinib in Asian Patients withOncoTargets and therapy · 2022Article
- Genomic Analysis of Tumors from Patients with Glioblastoma with Long-Term Response to Afatinib.OncoTargets and therapy · 2022Article
- Real-world experience of afatinib as first-line therapy for advancedTranslational lung cancer research · 2021Article
- The Tumor Control According to Radiation Dose of Gamma Knife Radiosurgery for Small and Medium-Sized Brain Metastases from Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society · 2021Article
- Article
- Safety and CSF distribution of high-dose erlotinib and gefitinib in patients of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with brain metastases.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Brain metastases and/or leptomeningeal disease (LMD) with associated central nervous system (CNS) metastases are known complications of advanced epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). It is important, therefore, to assess the activity of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) versus such CNS complications. This review explores the literature reporting the intracranial activity of EGFR TKIs, and finds that there is evidence for varying efficacy of the approved agents, erlotinib, gefitinib, afatinib, and osimertinib in patients with CNS metastases. Other EGFR TKIs in development, such as AZD3759, may have a future role as therapeutic options in this setting. Emerging evidence indicates that the second- and third-generation EGFR TKIs, afatinib and osimertinib, effectively penetrate the blood-brain barrier, and therefore represent viable treatment options for CNS lesions, and can reduce the risk of CNS progression. These agents should therefore be considered as first-line treatment options in patients with EGFR mutation-positive NSCLC who have brain metastases and/or LMD. While there are currently no prospective data comparing the intracranial efficacy of second- and third-generation EGFR TKIs in this setting, CNS activity and protection offered by different EGFR TKIs should be an additional consideration when making decisions about the optimal sequence of treatment with EGFR TKIs in order to maximize survival benefit in individual patients.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.