Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29700674›Full record

SynthesisThe journal of primary prevention2018

Protective Factors Among Transgender and Gender Variant Youth: A Systematic Review by Socioecological Level.

Michelle Marie Johns, Oscar Beltran, Heather L Armstrong, Paula E Jayne, Lisa C Barrios

Abstract readSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in The journal of primary prevention, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 76 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
76citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

76 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Children's attitudes about transgender identity disclosure and concealment.The British journal of developmental psychology · 2025
    Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. "Being Queer, It Was Really Isolating": Stigma and Mental Health Among Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer (LGBTQ+) Young People During COVID-19.Health education & behavior : the official publication of the Society for Public Health Education · 2024
    Article
  18. Community-Derived Recommendations for Improving Gender Affirmation of Black and Latine Transgender/Nonbinary Youth.Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine · 2024
    Article
  19. It's time for change: inequities and determinants of health-related quality of life among gender and sexually diverse young people in Australia.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2024
    Article
  20. Article

16 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Michelle Marie JohnsDivision of Adolescent and School Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road MS E-75, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA. mjohns1@cdc.gov.
Oscar BeltranCDC Foundation, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Heather L ArmstrongCDC Foundation, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Paula E JayneDivision of Adolescent and School Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road MS E-75, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA.
Lisa C BarriosDivision of Adolescent and School Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road MS E-75, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA.

Funding

Intramural CDC HHS CC999999
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Transgender and gender variant (GV) youth experience elevated risk for poor health and academic outcomes due mainly to social experiences of stigma and discrimination. To supplement the growing evidence on health risks encountered by transgender/GV youth, we identified factors theorized to be protective for these youth across all four levels of Bronfenbrenner's socioecological model (individual, relationship, community, societal). We conducted a systematic search of peer-reviewed research. The articles included in this review were published in peer-reviewed journals in English or Spanish between 1999 and 2014, analyzed data from a sample or subsample of transgender or GV participants with a mean age between 10 and 24 years, and examined the relationship of at least one theorized protective factor to a health or behavioral outcome. Twenty-one articles met inclusion criteria. Transgender/GV youth in included articles ranged from 11 to 26 years of age, were racially/ethnically diverse, and represented varied gender identities. Within these articles, 27 unique protective factors across four levels of the ecological model were identified as related to positive health and well-being. Self-esteem at the individual level, healthy relationships with parents and peers at the relationship-level, and gay-straight alliances at the community level emerged as protective factors across multiple studies. Our findings underscore the relative lack of research on transgender/GV youth and protective factors. Novel recruitment strategies for transgender/GV youth and better measurement of transgender identities are needed to confirm these protective relationships and identify others. Growth in these areas will contribute to building a body of evidence to inform interventions.

Indexed as

Protective FactorsTransgender PersonsAdolescentChildFemaleHumansMaleSocial StigmaYoung AdultGender varianceProtective factorsTransgenderYouth

Identifiers

PMID29700674
PMCPMC5976555

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.