ReviewSpinal cord2018
Lower extremity outcome measures: considerations for clinical trials in spinal cord injury.
Review in Spinal cord, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
First Report of a New Exoskeleton in Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury: FreeGait®
Investigation of the Relationship Between Lower Limb Prosthesis Usage Skills and Adaptation Level with Functional Mobility and Activities of Daily Living
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Electrophysiological Outcome Measures in Spinal Cord Injury Clinical Trials: A Systematic Review.Topics in spinal cord injury rehabilitation · 2019Pooled it
- Additive effect of tDCS and neuromotor recruitment on functional recovery in chronic paraplegia: A randomized controlled trial.PloS one · 2026Trial
- First report of a new exoskeleton in incomplete spinal cord injury: FreeGaitThe journal of spinal cord medicine · 2026Trial
- Assessing walking ability using a robotic gait trainer: opportunities and limitations of assist-as-needed control in spinal cord injury.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2023Trial
- Intramuscular coherence enables robust assessment of modulated supra-spinal input in human gait: an inter-dependence study of visual task and walking speed.Experimental brain research · 2023Trial
- Familiarization with treadmill walking: How much is enough?Scientific reports · 2019Trial
- Clinical validation of a rule-based decision tree algorithm for classifying hip movements in people with spinal cord injury.The journal of spinal cord medicine · 2026Article
- Exploration of the center of mass kinematics correlation with established gait measures in post-spinal cord injury.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciences · 2026Article
- Construct validity, responsiveness, and interpretability of the Spinal Cord Injury Functional Ambulation Inventory (SCI-FAI).The journal of spinal cord medicine · 2026Observational
- Assessing self-reported spontaneous lower-extremity use in individuals with incomplete spinal cord injury: content validity of the Lower Extremity Motor Activity Log (LE-MAL).Spinal cord series and cases · 2025Article
- Evaluating therapeutic effects of exoskeletons and FES in SCI: integrative review of the literature.Spinal cord · 2025Review
- Lessons Learned and Recommendations from a SCOPE Spinal Cord Injury Neurorestorative Clinical Trials Update.Neurotrauma reports · 2025Review
- Enhancing balance and mobility in incomplete spinal cord injury with an overground gait trainer.Spinal cord series and cases · 2024Article
- Assessments and interventions on body functions, structures and activity to prepare adults with acute spinal cord injury or disease for participation: a scoping review.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciences · 2024Article
- Using the Standing and Walking Assessment Tool at Discharge Predicts Community Outdoor Walking Capacity in Persons With Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury.Physical therapy · 2023Article
- Interrater reliability of the Standing and Walking Assessment Tool for spinal cord injury.Spinal cord · 2023Article
- Data-driven characterization of walking after a spinal cord injury using inertial sensors.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2023Article
- Challenges in Translating Regenerative Therapies for Spinal Cord Injury.Topics in spinal cord injury rehabilitation · 2023Article
- Validity and responsiveness of the Standing and Walking Assessment Tool for sub-acute traumatic spinal cord injury.Spinal cord · 2022Article
- Validation of Non-Restrictive Inertial Gait Analysis of Individuals with Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury in Clinical Settings.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
24 authors at 15 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
STUDY
designThis is a focused review article.
objectivesTo identify important concepts in lower extremity (LE) assessment with a focus on locomotor outcomes and provide guidance on how existing outcome measurement tools may be best used to assess experimental therapies in spinal cord injury (SCI). The emphasis lies on LE outcomes in individuals with complete and incomplete SCI in Phase II-III trials.
methodsThis review includes a summary of topics discussed during a workshop focusing on LE function in SCI, conceptual discussion of corresponding outcome measures and additional focused literature review.
resultsThere are a number of sensitive, accurate, and responsive outcome tools measuring both quantitative and qualitative aspects of LE function. However, in trials with individuals with very acute injuries, a baseline assessment of the primary (or secondary) LE outcome measure is often not feasible.
conclusionThere is no single outcome measure to assess all individuals with SCI that can be used to monitor changes in LE function regardless of severity and level of injury. Surrogate markers have to be used to assess LE function in individuals with severe SCI. However, it is generally agreed that a direct measurement of the performance for an appropriate functional activity supersedes any surrogate marker. LE assessments have to be refined so they can be used across all time points after SCI, regardless of the level or severity of spinal injury. SPONSORS: Craig H. Neilsen Foundation, Spinal Cord Outcomes Partnership Endeavor.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.