Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29700475›Full record

SynthesisNature genetics2018

Genome-wide association analyses identify 44 risk variants and refine the genetic architecture of major depression.

Naomi R Wray, Stephan Ripke, Manuel Mattheisen, Maciej Trzaskowski, Enda M Byrne, Abdel Abdellaoui, Mark J Adams, Esben Agerbo, Tracy M Air, Till M F Andlauer and 209 more

Abstract readMeta-Analysis
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Nature genetics, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1,636 papers, 11 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1,636citing papers in PubMed, 11 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1,636 citing papers in PubMed, 11 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  19. Genetic architectures of brain-related traits are shaped by strong selective constraints.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
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1,576 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

219 authors.

Naomi R Wray *Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. naomi.wray@uq.edu.au.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7421-3357
Stephan Ripke *Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Manuel Mattheisen *Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
Maciej Trzaskowski *Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Enda M ByrneInstitute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Abdel AbdellaouiDepartment of Biological Psychology and EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Mark J AdamsDivision of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Esben AgerboiPSYCH, Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark.
Tracy M AirDiscipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Till M F AndlauerDepartment of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.
Silviu-Alin BacanuDepartment of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
Marie Bækvad-HanseniPSYCH, Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark.
Aartjan F T BeekmanDepartment of Psychiatry, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center and GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Tim B BigdeliDepartment of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
Elisabeth B BinderDepartment of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.
Douglas R H BlackwoodDivision of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Julien BryoisDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Henriette N ButtenschøniSEQ, Centre for Integrative Sequencing, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
Jonas Bybjerg-GrauholmiPSYCH, Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark.
Na CaiStatistical Genomics and Systems Genetics, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Cambridge, UK.
Enrique CastelaoDepartment of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Lausanne, Prilly, Switzerland.
Jane Hvarregaard ChristensenDepartment of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
Toni-Kim ClarkeDivision of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Jonathan I R ColemanMRC Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, UK.
Lucía Colodro-CondeGenetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia.
Baptiste Couvy-DuchesneQueensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Nick CraddockPsychological Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
Gregory E CrawfordCenter for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Cheynna A CrowleyBiostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Hassan S DashtiMedical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Gail DaviesCentre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Ian J DearyCentre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Franziska DegenhardtInstitute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Eske M DerksGenetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia.
Nese DirekPsychiatry, Dokuz Eylul University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey.
Conor V DolanDepartment of Biological Psychology and EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Erin C DunnStanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Thalia C EleyMRC Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, UK.
Nicholas ErikssonResearch, 23andMe, Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA.
Valentina Escott-PriceNeuroscience and Mental Health, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
Farnush Hassan Farhadi KiadehBioinformatics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Hilary K FinucaneDepartment of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Andreas J ForstnerInstitute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Josef FrankDepartment of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
Héléna A GasparMRC Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, UK.
Michael GillDepartment of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Paola Giusti-RodríguezGenetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Fernando S GoesPsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Scott D GordonGenetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Jakob GroveDepartment of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
Lynsey S HallDivision of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Eilis HannonUniversity of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK.
Christine Søholm HanseniPSYCH, Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark.
Thomas F HansenDanish Headache Centre, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark.
Stefan HermsInstitute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Ian B HickieBrain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Per HoffmannInstitute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Georg HomuthInterfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
Carsten HornRoche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Ltd, Basel, Switzerland.
Jouke-Jan HottengaDepartment of Biological Psychology and EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
David M HougaardiPSYCH, Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark.
Ming HuQuantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
Craig L HydeStatistics, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, CT, USA.
Marcus IsingMax Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.
Rick JansenDepartment of Psychiatry, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center and GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Fulai JinCase Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
Eric JorgensonDivision of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA.
James A KnowlesPsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Isaac S KohaneInformatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Julia KraftDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsmedizin Berlin Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany.
Warren W KretzschmarWellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Jesper KroghDepartment of Endocrinology at Herlev University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Zoltán KutalikSwiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Jacqueline M LaneMedical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Yihan LiWellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Yun LiBiostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Penelope A LindGenetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia.
Xiaoxiao LiuDepartment of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
Leina LuDepartment of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
Donald J MacIntyreMental Health, NHS 24, Glasgow, UK.
Dean F MacKinnonPsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Robert M MaierQueensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Wolfgang MaierDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Jonathan MarchiniStatistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Hamdi MbarekDepartment of Biological Psychology and EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Patrick McGrathPsychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.
Peter McGuffinMRC Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, UK.
Sarah E MedlandGenetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia.
Divya MehtaQueensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Christel M MiddeldorpDepartment of Biological Psychology and EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Evelin MihailovEstonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
Yuri MilaneschiDepartment of Psychiatry, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center and GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Lili MilaniEstonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
Jonathan MillUniversity of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK.
Francis M MondimorePsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Grant W MontgomeryInstitute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Sara MostafaviMedical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Niamh MullinsMRC Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, UK.
Matthias NauckDZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, University Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
Bernard NgStatistics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Michel G NivardDepartment of Biological Psychology and EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Dale R NyholtInstitute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Paul F O'ReillyMRC Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, UK.
Hogni OskarssonHumus, Reykjavik, Iceland.
Michael J OwenMRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
Jodie N PainterGenetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia.
Carsten Bøcker PederseniPSYCH, Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark.
Marianne Giørtz PederseniPSYCH, Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark.
Roseann E PetersonDepartment of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
Erik PetterssonDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Wouter J PeyrotDepartment of Psychiatry, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center and GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Giorgio PistisDepartment of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Lausanne, Prilly, Switzerland.
Danielle PosthumaComplex Trait Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Shaun M PurcellDepartment of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Jorge A QuirozSolid Biosciences, Boston, MA, USA.
Per QvistDepartment of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
John P RiceDepartment of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Brien P RileyDepartment of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
Margarita RiveraMRC Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, UK.
Saira Saeed MirzaEpidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Richa SaxenaMedical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Robert SchoeversDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Eva C SchulteDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center of the University of Munich, Campus Innenstadt, Munich, Germany.
Ling ShenDivision of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA.
Jianxin ShiDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Stanley I ShynBehavioral Health Services, Kaiser Permanente Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Engilbert SigurdssonFaculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
Grant B C SinnamonSchool of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.
Johannes H SmitDepartment of Psychiatry, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center and GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Daniel J SmithInstitute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
Hreinn StefanssondeCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland.
Stacy SteinbergdeCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland.
Craig A StockmeierPsychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.
Fabian StreitDepartment of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
Jana StrohmaierDepartment of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
Katherine E TanseyCollege of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
Henning TeismannInstitute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Alexander TeumerInstitute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
Wesley ThompsoniPSYCH, Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark.
Pippa A ThomsonMedical Genetics Section, CGEM, IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Thorgeir E ThorgeirssondeCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland.
Chao TianResearch, 23andMe, Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA.
Matthew TraylorClinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Jens TreutleinDepartment of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
Vassily TrubetskoyDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsmedizin Berlin Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany.
André G UitterlindenInternal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Daniel UmbrichtRoche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Neuroscience, Ophthalmology and Rare Diseases Discovery and Translational Medicine Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Ltd, Basel, Switzerland.
Sandra Van der AuweraDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
Albert M van HemertDepartment of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Alexander ViktorinDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Peter M VisscherInstitute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Yunpeng WangiPSYCH, Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark.
Bradley T WebbVirginia Institute of Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
Shantel Marie WeinsheimeriPSYCH, Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark.
Jürgen WellmannInstitute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Gonneke WillemsenDepartment of Biological Psychology and EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Stephanie H WittDepartment of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
Yang WuInstitute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Hualin S XiComputational Sciences Center of Emphasis, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Jian YangInstitute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Futao ZhangInstitute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
eQTLGen
23andMe
Volker AroltDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Munster, Germany.
Bernhard T BauneDiscipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Klaus BergerInstitute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Dorret I BoomsmaDepartment of Biological Psychology and EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Sven CichonInstitute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Udo DannlowskiDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Munster, Germany.
E C J de GeusDepartment of Biological Psychology and EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
J Raymond DePauloPsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Enrico DomeniciCentre for Integrative Biology, Università degli Studi di Trento, Trento, Italy.
Katharina DomschkeDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Tõnu EskoMedical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Hans J GrabeDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
Steven P HamiltonPsychiatry, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Caroline HaywardMRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Andrew C HeathDepartment of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
David A HindsResearch, 23andMe, Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA.
Kenneth S KendlerDepartment of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
Stefan KloiberMax Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.
Glyn LewisDivision of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK.
Qingqin S LiNeuroscience Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Titusville, NJ, USA.
Susanne LucaeMax Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.
Pamela F A MaddenDepartment of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Patrik K MagnussonDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Nicholas G MartinGenetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Andrew M McIntoshDivision of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Andres MetspaluEstonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
Ole MorsiPSYCH, Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark.
Preben Bo MortenseniSEQ, Centre for Integrative Sequencing, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
Bertram Müller-MyhsokDepartment of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.
Merete NordentoftiPSYCH, Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark.
Markus M NöthenInstitute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Michael C O'DonovanMRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
Sara A PacigaHuman Genetics and Computational Biomedicine, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, CT, USA.
Nancy L PedersenDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Brenda W J H PenninxDepartment of Psychiatry, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center and GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Roy H PerlisDepartment of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
David J PorteousMedical Genetics Section, CGEM, IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
James B PotashPsychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
Martin PreisigDepartment of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Lausanne, Prilly, Switzerland.
Marcella RietschelDepartment of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
Catherine SchaeferDivision of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA.
Thomas G SchulzeDepartment of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
Jordan W SmollerStanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Kari StefanssondeCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland.
Henning TiemeierEpidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Rudolf UherPsychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
Henry VölzkeInstitute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
Myrna M WeissmanPsychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.
Thomas WergeiPSYCH, Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark.
Ashley R WinslowHuman Genetics and Computational Biomedicine, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Cathryn M LewisMRC Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, UK.
Douglas F LevinsonPsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Gerome BreenMRC Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, UK.
Anders D BørglumDepartment of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
Patrick F SullivanDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. pfsulliv@med.unc.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6619-873X
Major Depressive Disorder Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium

Funding

Targeting the p53 pathway for reversal of oral premalignancyP50CA097007 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF TX MD ANDERSON CAN CTR · PI MILLS, GORDON B. · 2002 to 2012
$26.1M
UT M.D. Anderson Cancer Center SPORE in MelanomaP50CA093459 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF TX MD ANDERSON CAN CTR · PI HWU, PATRICK · 2004 to 2014
$23.7M
TRAINING IN SLEEP, CIRCADIAN &RESPIRATORY NEUROBIOLOGYT32HL007901 · NHLBI · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI Charles A Czeisler · 1998 to 2026
$18.5M
MOLECULAR GENETICS OF SCHIZOPHRENIAR01MH059571 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO · PI GEJMAN, PABLO V. · 1999 to 2007
$8.0M
Molecular Epidemiology of Head and Neck CancerR01ES011740 · NIEHS · UNIVERSITY OF TX MD ANDERSON CAN CTR · PI WEI, QINGYI · 2001 to 2012
$6.3M
Center for Psychiatric NeuroscienceP30GM103328 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF MISSISSIPPI MED CTR · PI STOCKMEIER, CRAIG ALLEN · 2013 to 2017
$5.5M
Robust mapping of chromatin loops from sparse or single cell Hi-C data with DeepLoopR01HG009658 · NHGRI · CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY · PI Fulai Jin · 2017 to 2026
$5.1M
A Genome-Wide Association Study of SchizophreniaU01MH079469 · NIMH · NORTHSHORE UNIVERSITY HEALTHSYSTEM · PI GEJMAN, PABLO V. · 2007 to 2009
$4.4M
7/7 Psychiatric Genomics Consortium: Finding actionable variationU01MH109532 · NIMH · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI AGRAWAL, ARPANA, EDENBERG, HOWARD J · 2016 to 2020
$3.1M
MOLECULAR GENETICS OF SCHIZOPHRENIAR01MH060879 · NIMH · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI CLONINGER, C. ROBERT · 1999 to 2006
$2.7M
3/7 Psychiatric Genomics Consortium: Finding actionable variationU01MH109536 · NIMH · ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI · PI CHARNEY, ALEXANDER W, HUCKINS, LAURA MARIANNE · 2016 to 2020
$2.7M
Identifying Amphetamine Addiction Risk Variants by Whole Genome SequencingR01DA034076 · NIDA · DECODE GENETICS, EHF · PI THORGEIRSSON, THORGEIR E. · 2013 to 2017
$2.6M
Medical Research Council G0200243Medical Research Council MC_PC_17228Medical Research Council MC_PC_U127561128Medical Research Council MC_QA137853Medical Research Council MC_UU_00007/10Medical Research Council MR/K026992/1Medical Research Council MR/L010305/1Medical Research Council MR/L023784/2Medical Research Council MR/N015746/1NCI NIH HHS P50 CA093459NCI NIH HHS P50 CA097007NCI NIH HHS R01 CA133996NHGRI NIH HHS R01 HG009658NHLBI NIH HHS T32 HL007901NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA034076NIEHS NIH HHS R01 ES011740NIGMS NIH HHS P30 GM103328NIH HHS S10 OD018164NIMH NIH HHS K01 MH109772NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH059565NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH059566NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH059571NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH059586NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH059587NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH059588NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH060870NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH060879NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH061675NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH067257NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH081800NIMH NIH HHS U01 MH046276NIMH NIH HHS U01 MH046318NIMH NIH HHS U01 MH079469NIMH NIH HHS U01 MH079470NIMH NIH HHS U01 MH085520NIMH NIH HHS U01 MH094421NIMH NIH HHS U01 MH109528NIMH NIH HHS U01 MH109532NIMH NIH HHS U01 MH109536
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common illness accompanied by considerable morbidity, mortality, costs, and heightened risk of suicide. We conducted a genome-wide association meta-analysis based in 135,458 cases and 344,901 controls and identified 44 independent and significant loci. The genetic findings were associated with clinical features of major depression and implicated brain regions exhibiting anatomical differences in cases. Targets of antidepressant medications and genes involved in gene splicing were enriched for smaller association signal. We found important relationships of genetic risk for major depression with educational attainment, body mass, and schizophrenia: lower educational attainment and higher body mass were putatively causal, whereas major depression and schizophrenia reflected a partly shared biological etiology. All humans carry lesser or greater numbers of genetic risk factors for major depression. These findings help refine the basis of major depression and imply that a continuous measure of risk underlies the clinical phenotype.

Indexed as

Multifactorial InheritanceCase-Control StudiesFemaleGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseGenome-Wide Association StudyHumansMajor Depressive DisorderMalePhenotypePolymorphism, Single NucleotideRisk FactorsSchizophrenia

Identifiers

PMID29700475
PMCPMC5934326

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