ArticleScientific reports2018
Iron deficiency is associated with Hypothyroxinemia and Hypotriiodothyroninemia in the Spanish general adult population: Di@bet.es study.
Article in Scientific reports, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Relationship between Iron Deficiency and Thyroid Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2023Pooled it
- Obstetric and offspring outcomes in isolated maternal hypothyroxinaemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2023Pooled it
- Effects of essential metals (iron, zinc, and copper) on thyroid diseases - a narrative review.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Population-based national incidence of thyroid dysfunction in Spain.Scientific reports · 2025Observational
- The Role of Nutrition on Thyroid Function.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Milk Supplemented with Organic Iron Improves Performance, Blood Hematology, Iron Metabolism Parameters, Biochemical and Immunological Parameters in Suckling Dalagh Lambs.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Article
- Association Between Maternal Characteristics and the Risk of Isolated Maternal Hypothyroxinemia.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
- Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure: Mechanisms and Pathophysiology.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Review
- Associations between the thyroid panel and serum protein concentrations across pregnancy.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Environmental Factors Affecting Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone and Thyroid Hormone Levels.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- The Effects of Parenteral Iron Administration on Thyroid Hormones, Hematology, Oxidative Stress Characteristics, Performance, and Health in Neonatal Holstein Calves.Biological trace element research · 2021Article
- Iron deficiency impacts prognosis but less exercise capacity in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.ESC heart failure · 2021Article
- The relationship between iron deficiency anemia and sexual function and satisfaction among reproductive-aged Iranian women.PloS one · 2018Article
- Diet in Thyroid Disorders: A Survey among Clinicians and a Review of the Current Perspective.Indian journal of endocrinology and metabolismArticle
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Authors and funding
24 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that iron deficiency (ID) may impair thyroid hormone metabolism, however replication in wide samples of the general adult population has not been performed. We studied 3846 individuals free of thyroid disease, participants in a national, cross sectional, population based study representative of the Spanish adult population. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxin (FT4) and free triiodothyronine (FT3) were analyzed by electrochemiluminescence (E170, Roche Diagnostics). Serum ferritin was analyzed by immunochemiluminescence (Architect I2000, Abbott Laboratories). As ferritin levels decreased (>100, 30-100, 15-30, <15 µg/L) the adjusted mean concentrations of FT4 (p < 0.001) and FT3 (p < 0.001) descended, whereas TSH levels remained unchanged (p = 0.451). In multivariate logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, UI, BMI and smoking status, subjects with ferritin levels <30 µg/L were more likely to present hypothyroxinemia (FT4 < 12.0 pmol/L p5): OR 1.5 [1.1-2.2] p = 0.024, and hypotriiodothyroninemia (FT3 < 3.9 pmol/L p5): OR 1.8 [1.3-2.6] p = 0.001 than the reference category with ferritin ≥30 µg/L. There was no significant heterogeneity of the results between men, pre-menopausal and post-menopausal women or according to the iodine nutrition status. Our results confirm an association between ID and hypothyroxinemia and hypotriiodothyroninemia in the general adult population without changes in TSH.
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