SynthesisThe British journal of ophthalmology2018
Global prevalence of visual impairment associated with myopic macular degeneration and temporal trends from 2000 through 2050: systematic review, meta-analysis and modelling.
Synthesis in The British journal of ophthalmology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06278974 (A Comparative Study on the Clinical Efficacy, Quality of Life, and Cost of Use of Peripheral Defocus Spectacles, Frame Glasses, and Orthokeratology Lenses in Myopic Children and Adolescents), which is not on this map. Cited by 193 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Comparative Study on the Clinical Efficacy, Quality of Life, and Cost of Use of Peripheral Defocus Spectacles, Frame Glasses, and Orthokeratology Lenses in Myopic Children and Adolescents
Who cites it
193 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 352 citations in OpenAlex.
- Interventions for myopia control in children: a living systematic review and network meta-analysis.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Factors associated with pathologic myopia onset and progression: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2024Pooled it
- Global burden of fall and associated factors among individual with low vision: A systematic-review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Interventions for myopia control in children: a living systematic review and network meta-analysis.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Myopia prediction: a systematic review.Eye (London, England) · 2022Pooled it
- Refractive Error and Eye Health: An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Pooled it
- The Complications of Myopia: A Review and Meta-Analysis.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2020Pooled it
- Associations of rs524952 and rs634990 gene polymorphisms in 15q14 with high myopia: A meta-analysis.Molecular vision · 2019Pooled it
- Visual Performance of Defocus Incorporated Multiple Segments With Triple Enhanced Design Spectacle Lenses Versus DIMS and Single Vision Lenses.Translational vision science & technology · 2026Trial
- Negligible Rebound in Myopia Progression Following Cessation of Treatment with 0.01% Atropine for 3 years: Year-4 Results from the CHAMP Phase 3 Clinical Trial.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2026Trial
- Effect of daily disposable Defocus Incorporated Soft Contact lens on myopia control: a 1-year multicentre randomised controlled trial.The British journal of ophthalmology · 2026Trial
- Optical characterisation and vision quality assessment of two myopia control contact lenses.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2025Trial
- Association of macular outward scleral height with axial length, macular choroidal thickness and morphologic characteristics of the optic disc in Chinese adults.Eye (London, England) · 2024Trial
- Changes in subfoveal choroidal thickness in myopic children with 0.01% atropine, orthokeratology, or their combination.International ophthalmology · 2021Trial
- Effects of Atropine Treatment on Choroidal Thickness in Myopic Children.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2020Trial
- Visual Impairment and Blindness in Indian Myopes Aged 10-40 Years: A Multicenter Hospital-Based Study.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Exploring Characteristics and Systemic Health Links in Myopic Australian Adults.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2026Article
- Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Low-Dose Atropine Eye Drops (0.01%) for the Treatment of Myopia in Children: A United Kingdom Perspective.PharmacoEconomics · 2026Article
- Compliance with orthokeratology lens wear: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Review
133 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeWe used systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and assimilate evidence quantifying blindness and visual impairment (VI) associated with myopic macular degeneration (MMD), then derived models to predict global patterns. The models were used to estimate the global prevalence of blindness and VI associated with MMD from 2000 to 2050.
methodsThe systematic review identified 17 papers with prevalence data for MMD VI fitting our inclusion criteria. Data from six papers with age-specific data were scaled to relative age-dependent risk and meta-analysed at VI and blindness levels. We analysed variance in all MMD VI and blindness data as a proportion of high myopia against variables from the place and year of data collection, with a model based on health expenditure providing the best correlation. We used this model to estimate the prevalence and number of people with MMD VI in each country in each decade.
resultsWe included data from 17 studies comprising 137 514 participants. We estimated 10.0 million people had VI from MMD in 2015 (prevalence 0.13%, 95% CI 5.5 to 23.7 million, 0.07% to 0.34%), 3.3 million of whom were blind (0.04%, 1.8 to 7.8 million, 0.03% to 0.10%). We estimate that by 2050, without changing current interventions, VI from MMD will grow to 55.7 million people (0.57%, 29.0 to 119.7 million, 0.33% to 1.11%), 18.5 million of whom will be blind (0.19%, 9.6 to 39.7 million, 0.11% to 0.37%).
conclusionThe burden of MMD blindness and VI will rise significantly without efforts to reduce the development and progression of myopia and improve the management of MMD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.