ArticleBMC pediatrics2018
Risk factors for carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae in children.
Article in BMC pediatrics, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Transmission routes of antibiotic resistant bacteria: a systematic review.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Pooled it
- Epidemiological characteristics of nasopharyngeal Streptococcus pneumoniae strains among children with pneumonia in Chongqing, China.Scientific reports · 2019Trial
- Characteristics of Streptococcus pneumoniae colonising Cypriot children during a period of high PCV10 and PCV13 vaccine coverage: serotypes and antimicrobial resistance.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Article
- Prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and risk factors of pneumococcal disease among preschool children in Bushenyi District, Uganda.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Pathogens as commensals: microbial priming of the immune system and heterologous protection.Microbiology (Reading, England) · 2026Review
- Article
- Temporal changes in pneumococcal carriage among childcare-attending children during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Greater New Haven Area, USA.Research square · 2025Article
- Temporal changes in pneumococcal carriage among childcare-attending children during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Greater New Haven Area, USA.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Transmission of the human respiratory microbiome and antibiotic resistance genes in healthy populations.Microbiome · 2025Article
- Pandemic Social Distancing and Declines in Nasopharyngeal Carriage of Pneumococcus and Related Antimicrobial-Resistant Genes: Evidence From Household-Based Cohort Studies in Lima, Peru.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Health state utilities associated with invasive pneumococcal disease, pneumonia, and recurrent acute otitis media in young children.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2025Article
- Incidence Rates for InvasiveVaccines · 2025Article
- Limited protection of pneumococcal vaccines against emergent Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 14/ST876 strains.Infection · 2024Article
- Nasopharyngeal Carriage ofVaccines · 2024Article
- Nasopharyngeal carriage and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles ofAccess microbiology · 2023Article
- Nasopharyngeal Carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotypes Among Healthy Children in Northern India.Current microbiology · 2022Article
- Association between household air pollution and nasopharyngeal pneumococcal carriage in Malawian infants (MSCAPE): a nested, prospective, observational study.The Lancet. Global health · 2022Observational
- Factors associated with pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage: A systematic review.PLOS global public health · 2022Article
- Pneumococcal surface adhesion A protein (PsaA) interacts with human Annexin A2 on airway epithelial cells.Virulence · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDuring the past decades Streptococcus pneumoniae has developed significant resistance to many classes of antimicrobial drugs. Potential risk factors for colonization of the nasopharynx by Streptococcus pneumoniae in children and for carriage of drug resistant strains were examined.
methodsBetween 2007 and 2008 nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from 402 children 6 months to 5 years old visiting the public sector immunization centers and outpatient departments as well as offices of paediatricians from private practice in Nicosia district in Cyprus. Information on demographic characteristics and potential risk factors of participating children were collected using a standardized questionnaire distributed to parents.
resultsIn multivariable analyses we found that attendance at day care center, having siblings in the family and having both parents originating from Cyprus, statistically increased the risk of pneumococcal colonization. Full immunization with PCV7 appears to be a protective factor against colonization by pneumococcus. Previous administration of antimicrobials during the last month prior to specimen collection appeared to be the most consistent risk factor for carrying a non susceptible strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae to either penicillin or erythromycin. Factors such as age, nationality, previous or current breastfeeding, passive exposure to cigarette smoke and attendance in a day care center do not appear as independent risk factors for colonization by non susceptible strains.
conclusionsPrudent use of antibiotics especially for upper respiratory tract infections in children as well as increased vaccination coverage by the pneumococcal conjugate vaccines could prove effective in reducing levels of colonization by drug resistant pneumococcal strains.
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