ArticleBiomacromolecules2018
Zwitterionic PEG-PC Hydrogels Modulate the Foreign Body Response in a Modulus-Dependent Manner.
Article in Biomacromolecules, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers.
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Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 111 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Microporous annealed particle scaffolds avoid foreign body response by down regulating complement-fibroblast-macrophage signaling loop.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Flexible Polymer-Based Electronics for Human Health Monitoring: A Safety-Level-Oriented Review of Materials and Applications.Nano-micro letters · 2026Review
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- Antithrombotic Polymers: A Narrative Review on Current and Future Strategies for Their Design, Synthesis, and Application.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- A Novel Core-Shell Hydrogel 3D Model for Studying Macrophage Mechanosensing and Foreign Body Giant Cell Formation.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Innovations in skeletal muscle regeneration: from physiology to bioengineering approaches for repair and restoration.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Review
- Diminished fibrotic encapsulation and comparable physicochemical properties of poly (styrene-Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Zwitterionic hydrogel designs for conducting polymers enable bioelectronics with suppressed foreign body responses.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Macrophage microRNA-146a is a central regulator of the foreign body response to biomaterial implants.Biomaterials · 2025Article
- Biomaterial-Based Therapeutic Delivery of Immune Cells.Advanced healthcare materials · 2025Review
- The extracellular matrix in peripheral nerve repair and regeneration: a narrative review of its role and therapeutic potential.Frontiers in neuroanatomy · 2025Review
- Immune-evasive beta cells in type 1 diabetes: innovations in genetic engineering, biomaterials, and computational modeling.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Foreign Body Immune Response to Zwitterionic and Hyaluronic Acid Granular Hydrogels Made with Mechanical Fragmentation.Advanced healthcare materials · 2025Article
- Quantifying mechanical forces during vertebrate morphogenesis.Nature materials · 2024Article
- Conjugation of IL-33 to Microporous Annealed Particle Scaffolds Enhances Type 2-Like Immune Responses In Vitro and In Vivo.Advanced healthcare materials · 2024Article
- Mechanobiomaterials: Harnessing mechanobiology principles for tissue repair and regeneration.Mechanobiology in medicine · 2024Review
- Hydrogel crosslinking modulates macrophages, fibroblasts, and their communication, during wound healing.Nature communications · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Reducing the foreign body response (FBR) to implanted biomaterials will enhance their performance in tissue engineering. Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels are increasingly popular for this application due to their low cost, ease of use, and the ability to tune their compliance via molecular weight and cross-linking densities. PEG hydrogels can elicit chronic inflammation in vivo, but recent evidence has suggested that extremely hydrophilic, zwitterionic materials and particles can evade the immune system. To combine the advantages of PEG-based hydrogels with the hydrophilicity of zwitterions, we synthesized hydrogels with comonomers PEG and the zwitterion phosphorylcholine (PC). Recent evidence suggests that stiff hydrogels elicit increased immune cell adhesion to hydrogels, which we attempted to reduce by increasing hydrogel hydrophilicity. Surprisingly, hydrogels with the highest amount of zwitterionic comonomer elicited the highest FBR. Lowering the hydrogel modulus (165 to 3 kPa), or PC content (20 to 0 wt %), mitigated this effect. A high density of macrophages was found at the surface of implants associated with a high FBR, and mass spectrometry analysis of the proteins adsorbed to these gels implicated extracellular matrix, immune response, and cell adhesion protein categories as drivers of macrophage recruitment. Overall, we show that modulus regulates macrophage adhesion to zwitterionic-PEG hydrogels, and demonstrate that chemical modifications to hydrogels should be studied in parallel with their physical properties to optimize implant design.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.