ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2018
Longitudinal Trajectories of Brain Volume and Cortical Thickness in Treated and Untreated Primary Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 81 citations in OpenAlex.
- Meta-analysis of brain metabolite differences in HIV infection.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2020Pooled it
- Different roles of frontal versus striatal atrophy in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders.Human brain mapping · 2019Pooled it
- Implications and prospects of immunological and neuroimaging research in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders.Frontiers in neurologyPooled it
- Article
- Elevated neurotransmitter levels in people with HIV are associated with attention function.Neurobiology of disease · 2026Article
- The prefrontal cortex as a target of HIV-1 neurotoxicity: molecular mechanisms of viral protein-mediated neurodegeneration and executive dysfunction.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2026Review
- Depressive disorders are associated with brain structural injury in HIV-positive men who have sex with men.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Early-stage diagnosis of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders via multiple learning models based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2025Article
- Serotonergic and Dopaminergic Function in Neuropsychiatrically Asymptomatic People With HIV on Antiretroviral Therapy.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2025Article
- Characteristics of cortical thickness in treated HIV-infected individuals with and without cognitive impairment.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- The association between rapid antiretroviral therapy initiation and brain structure and function based on multimodal magnetic resonance imaging in HIV-positive men who have sex with men.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Longitudinal CNS and systemic T-lymphocyte and monocyte activation before and after antiretroviral therapy beginning in primary HIV infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Neuroimaging advances in neurocognitive disorders among HIV-infected individuals.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Review
- Central Nervous System Effects of Early HIV Infection and Consequences of Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation during Acute HIV.Viruses · 2024Review
- Multimodal Approach to Neurocognitive Function in People Living with HIV in the cART Era: A Comprehensive Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Bridging brain and blood: a prospective view on neuroimaging-exosome correlations in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Review
- Increased Peripheral Inflammation Is Associated With Structural Brain Changes and Reduced Blood Flow in People With Virologically Controlled HIV.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2023Article
- The effects of cytomegalovirus on brain structure following sport-related concussion.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2023Article
- Cardiovascular health, infection burden and their interactive association with brain volumetric and white matter integrity outcomes in the UK Biobank.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2023Article
- Cognitive impairment in people living with HIV: consensus recommendations for a new approach.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2023Review
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 7 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) penetrates the brain in early infection. We used neuroimaging to longitudinally examine the impact of HIV and combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) on the brain in treated and untreated HIV-infected participants, starting in primary HIV infection (PHI). Methods: Sixty-five participants, enrolled during PHI, underwent longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging, 30 of whom commenced cART during follow-up. Cross-sectional data from 16 patients with chronic HIV infection (CHI) and 19 HIV-uninfected participants were included for comparison. Brain volume and cortical thickness were estimated using tensor-based morphometry and cortical modeling, respectively. Mixed-effects models longitudinally mapped structural brain changes before and after cART. The relationship between brain morphometry estimates and blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers were also tested. Region-of-interest analyses were performed to compare brain morphometry estimates between the groups. Results: Prior to cART, longer duration of untreated infection in PHI correlated with volume loss in the thalamus, caudate, and cerebellum, and with cortical thinning in the frontal and temporal lobes and cingulate cortex. After cART, no further volume loss was observed. However, small increases of cortical thickness in the frontal and temporal lobe correlated with longer cART duration. No correlations were observed with blood or CSF measures. The PHI group did not have different brain morphometric measures compared to the HIV-uninfected group, but had larger volumes in the thalamus, caudate, putamen, and cortical gray matter compared with CHI participants. Conclusions: Subcortical atrophy and cortical thinning occur during untreated infection but may be arrested by cART. These findings emphasize the importance of early cART.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.