Trial reportPsychopharmacology2018
Can we increase smokers' adherence to nicotine replacement therapy and does this help them quit?
Trial report in Psychopharmacology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01120704 (Project 3), which is not on this map. Cited by 28 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Project 3: Identifying Optimal Strategies of Increasing Smokers' Adherence to Cessation Medications
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Different doses, durations and modes of delivery of nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Barriers and Facilitators of Adherence to Nicotine Replacement Therapy: A Systematic Review and Analysis Using the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation, and Behaviour (COM-B) Model.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Pooled it
- Interventions to increase adherence to medications for tobacco dependence.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Additional behavioural support as an adjunct to pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Daily use of nicotine replacement medications is related to daily smoking status: An ecological momentary assessment study.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2021Trial
- Effect of varenicline directly observed therapy versus varenicline self-administered therapy on varenicline adherence and smoking cessation in methadone-maintained smokers: a randomized controlled trial.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2021Trial
- Electronically Monitored Nicotine Gum Use Before and After Smoking Lapses: Relationship With Lapse and Relapse.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2020Trial
- Evaluation of nicotine patch adherence measurement using self-report and saliva cotinine among abstainers in a smoking cessation trial.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2020Trial
- Predictors of adherence to nicotine replacement therapy: Machine learning evidence that perceived need predicts medication use.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2019Trial
- Trial
- Mixed Methods Process Evaluation of Behavioral Support and Nicotine Replacement Therapy for Smokeless Tobacco Cessation in Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2026Article
- Article
- Correlates of nicotine patch adherence in daily life.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Article
- Testing the feasibility of the QuitAid smoking cessation intervention in a randomized factorial design in an independent, rural community pharmacy.Pilot and feasibility studies · 2024Article
- Reaching adults who smoke cigarettes in rural Appalachia: Rationale, design & analysis plan for a mixed-methods study disseminating pharmacy-delivered cessation treatment.Contemporary clinical trials · 2023Article
- Attitudes and practices of health care providers towards improving adherence to smoking cessation medications in Australia: A descriptive study.Health promotion journal of Australia : official journal of Australian Association of Health Promotion Professionals · 2023Article
- Using the Behaviour Change Wheel and modified Delphi method to identify behavioural change techniques for improving adherence to smoking cessation medications.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Development and Content Validation of a Questionnaire for Measuring Beliefs About Using Nicotine Replacement Therapy for Smoking Cessation in Pregnancy.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2023Article
- Design and Preclinical Evaluation of Nicotine-Stearic Acid Conjugate-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Transdermal Delivery: A Technical Note.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- A qualitative analysis of nicotine replacement therapy uptake, consistent use, and persistence among primary care patients who smoke.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo examine the effects of five intervention components on smokers' adherence to combined nicotine patch and nicotine gum during a quit attempt and assess whether adherence is related to cessation.
methodSmokers interested in quitting (N = 513; 59% female; 87% White) received nicotine patch plus nicotine gum and participated in a 2x2x2x2x2 randomized factorial experiment (i.e., 32 treatment conditions) evaluating five intervention components: (1) medication adherence counseling versus none; (2) automated medication adherence calls versus none; (3) electronic medication monitoring with feedback and counseling versus e-monitoring alone; (4) 26 versus 8 weeks of nicotine patch plus nicotine gum; and (5) maintenance counseling versus none. Adherence was assessed over the first 6 weeks post-target quit day via timeline follow-back (nicotine patch) and electronic medication dispenser (gum).
resultsIn the first 6 weeks post-quit day, 12% of participants used no patches or gum, and 40% used the patch every day. Only 1.4% used both patch and gum adherently every day in the 6 weeks post-target quit day. E-monitoring counseling increased gum use (from 1.9 to 2.6 pieces/day; p < .001) but did not increase abstinence. More adherent patch and gum use in the first 6 weeks were each associated with higher point-prevalence abstinence rates through 1 year.
conclusionsThis large experiment with electronic monitoring of nicotine gum adherence showed that e-monitoring counseling increased gum use but not abstinence. Adherence to nicotine patch and to gum were each strongly related to abstinence, but it is unclear whether adherence increases abstinence, or relapse causes medication discontinuation. CLINICAL
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT01120704.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.