ArticleBulletin of the World Health Organization2018
Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV: a cross-sectional study in Malawi.
Article in Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Trial
- Economic evaluation of facility-based HIV self-testing among adult outpatients in Malawi.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2020Trial
- Couples problem-solving therapy for perinatal women living with HIV and male partners in Malawi: a study protocol for a pilot trial ofBMJ open · 2026Article
- Uptake and retention in HIV care among pregnant and postpartum women living with HIV under different eras of vertical transmission prevention policies in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Contributory factors to partial implementation of prevention of mother to child transmission policy in South Africa.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Modelling health outcomes of a decade of HIV, malaria and tuberculosis initiatives, Malawi.Bulletin of the World Health Organization · 2025Article
- Knowledge of mother-to-child transmission of HIV among women living with HIV in Malawi.International journal of STD & AIDS · 2024Article
- Prevalence and risk factors of detectable HIV viral load among pregnant women with HIV infection seeking antenatal care in Southern Malawi.AIDS care · 2024Article
- Risk factors for stunting in children who are HIV-exposed and uninfected after Option B+ implementation in Malawi.Maternal & child nutrition · 2023Article
- The National Evaluation of Malawi's PMTCT Program (NEMAPP) study: 24-month HIV-exposed infant outcomes from a prospective cohort study.HIV medicine · 2022Article
- Article
- Supporting the implementation of guidelines to prevent mother-to-child-transmission of HIV in Malawi: a multi-case study.Malawi medical journal : the journal of Medical Association of Malawi · 2021Article
- Community-facility linkage models and maternal and infant health outcomes in Malawi's PMTCT/ART program: A cohort study.PLoS medicine · 2021Article
- Timing of HIV testing among pregnant and breastfeeding women and risk of mother-to-child HIV transmission in Malawi: a sampling-based cohort study.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2021Article
- Vaccine strategies to reduce the burden of pneumococcal disease in HIV-infected adults in Africa.Expert review of vaccines · 2020Review
- Assessing the effects of maternal HIV infection on pregnancy outcomes using cross-sectional data in Malawi.BMC public health · 2020Article
- Changing Childbearing Norms During an Era of ART Expansion in Malawi, 2009 to 2015.AIDS and behavior · 2020Article
- Prevalence of vertical HIV infection and its risk factors among HIV exposed infants in East Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Tropical medicine and health · 2020Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo estimate the use and outcomes of the Malawian programme for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
methodsIn a cross-sectional analysis of 33 744 mother-infant pairs, we estimated the weighted proportions of mothers who had received antenatal HIV testing and/or maternal antiretroviral therapy and infants who had received nevirapine prophylaxis and/or HIV testing. We calculated the ratios of MTCT at 4-26 weeks postpartum for subgroups that had missed none or at least one of these four steps.
findingsThe estimated uptake of antenatal testing was 97.8%; while maternal antiretroviral therapy was 96.3%; infant prophylaxis was 92.3%; and infant HIV testing was 53.2%. Estimated ratios of MTCT were 4.7% overall and 7.7% for the pairs that had missed maternal antiretroviral therapy, 10.7% for missing both maternal antiretroviral therapy and infant prophylaxis and 11.4% for missing maternal antiretroviral therapy, infant prophylaxis and infant testing. Women younger than 19 years were more likely to have missed HIV testing (adjusted odds ratio, aOR: 4.9; 95% confidence interval, CI: 2.3-10.6) and infant prophylaxis (aOR: 6.9; 95% CI: 1.2-38.9) than older women. Women who had never started maternal antiretroviral therapy were more likely to have missed infant prophylaxis (aOR: 15.4; 95% CI: 7.2-32.9) and infant testing (aOR: 13.7; 95% CI: 4.2-83.3) than women who had.
conclusionMost women used the Malawian programme for the prevention of MTCT. The risk of MTCT increased if any of the main steps in the programme were missed.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.