ReviewMicrobiome2018
The hologenome concept of evolution after 10 years.
Review in Microbiome, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 220 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
220 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 520 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review of Psychobiotic Interventions in Children and Adolescents to Enhance Cognitive Functioning and Emotional Behavior.Nutrients · 2022Pooled it
- Differential Responses of Tree Phyllosphere and Rhizosphere Microbiomes to Mycorrhizal Types and Planting Patterns in a Young Subtropical Forest Plantation.Environmental microbiology · 2026Article
- Host Gnmt coordinates with Limosilactobacillus reuteri to alleviate ionizing radiation injury via microbiota remodeling and metabolic regulation in Drosophila melanogaster.Archives of microbiology · 2026Article
- Holobiontic Intercellular Relationships Between the Oral Cavity and the Rest of the Human Organism: A Narrative Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Review
- The Sea Cucumber Holobiont and Probiotics: Recent Progress on Apostichopus japonicus.Current microbiology · 2026Review
- Geographical Variation in the Gut Microbiota ofEcology and evolution · 2026Article
- Microbiota transplantation and multi-omics profiling integration unveil the mechanism of Alistipes communis-driven abdominal fat deposition in chickens.Journal of animal science and biotechnology · 2026Article
- The root rhizosphere as a functional analog to the gut microbiome: Cases for microbial symbiosis and dysbiosis in parallel contexts.PNAS nexus · 2026Review
- Effects of Extreme Rainfall on a Dominant Seaweed Are Mitigated by Its Microbiota.Ecology and evolution · 2026Article
- Integrated Gut-Brain Axis Response to Freezing and Recovery in Freeze-Tolerant Fish,Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Multiple origins of the apple seed microbiome: disentangling sexual and asexual transmission pathways.Environmental microbiome · 2026Article
- Insect Gut Microbiota as a Reservoir of Industrially Relevant Enzymes: A Comprehensive Review.Microbial ecology · 2026Review
- Two kinds of evolutionary individuals: the concept of common interest as an evolutionary foundation of dualism on biological individuality.History and philosophy of the life sciences · 2026Article
- Gut Microbe-Driven Resistance Mechanisms in Propylea Japonica: Insights from Horizontal Gene Transfer and Oxidative Phosphorylation.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- HoloSimR: a comprehensive framework for simulating breeding programs including the hologenome scenario.Journal of animal science · 2026Article
- Influence of host genetics on the functional composition of the rumen metagenome in beef cattle.Journal of animal science · 2026Article
- Evolutionary mechanisms underlying bacterial adaptation to the plant environment.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2026Review
- Translational approaches in microbiome research: from functional mechanisms to next-generation therapeutics.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Responses of host energy status, intestinal structure and gut microbiota during post-hibernation recovery in high- and low-altitude populations of the plateau frogFrontiers in physiology · 2026Article
- From cooperation to collapse: the diet-microbiota-host gene triad in disease and aging.Frontiers in microbiomes · 2026Review
160 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The holobiont (host with its endocellular and extracellular microbiome) can function as a distinct biological entity, an additional organismal level to the ones previously considered, on which natural selection operates. The holobiont can function as a whole: anatomically, metabolically, immunologically, developmentally, and during evolution. Consideration of the holobiont with its hologenome as an independent level of selection in evolution has led to a better understanding of underappreciated modes of genetic variation and evolution. The hologenome is comprised of two complimentary parts: host and microbiome genomes. Changes in either genome can result in variations that can be selected for or against. The host genome is highly conserved, and genetic changes within it occur slowly, whereas the microbiome genome is dynamic and can change rapidly in response to the environment by increasing or reducing particular microbes, by acquisition of novel microbes, by horizontal gene transfer, and by mutation. Recent experiments showing that microbiota can play an initial role in speciation have been suggested as an additional mode of enhancing evolution. Some of the genetic variations can be transferred to offspring by a variety of mechanisms. Strain-specific DNA analysis has shown that at least some of the microbiota can be maintained across hundreds of thousands of host generations, implying the existence of a microbial core. We argue that rapid changes in the microbiome genome could allow holobionts to adapt and survive under changing environmental conditions thus providing the time necessary for the host genome to adapt and evolve. As Darwin wrote, "It is not the strongest of the species that survives but the most adaptable".
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.