Trial reportJournal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation2018
Shaping neuroplasticity by using powered exoskeletons in patients with stroke: a randomized clinical trial.
Trial report in Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 4 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 88 papers, 16 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Does Ekso Improve Motor Function and Neuroplasticity in Pazients Affected by Chronic Stroke? A Rondomized Pilot Study
Longitudinal Pilot Study on the Feasibility of Integrating Gait Training Through a Novel Over-ground Wearable Robotic System to Traditional Rehabilitation in People with Pyramidal Hemisyndromes.
To Estimate the Efficacy of Botulinum Toxin A Injection Combing With Exoskeleton Robotic Assisted Gait Training in Stroke Patients With Spastic Stiff Knee Gait: Motor Function Performance and Neurophysiological Evaluation
Exploring Cognitive Recovery: the Impact of Sensor-based Robotic Rehabilitation in Neurological and Neurodegenerative Disorders
Who cites it
88 citing papers in PubMed, 16 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 184 citations in OpenAlex.
- Post-stroke lower limb rehabilitation: a comparative study between exoskeleton robots and traditional gait training.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2026Pooled it
- Effectiveness of mirror and robot-assisted therapy for upper extremity rehabilitation in post-stroke patients: a meta-analysis.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2026Pooled it
- Electromechanical-assisted training for walking after stroke.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- How robot-assisted gait training affects gait ability, balance and kinematic parameters after stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine · 2024Pooled it
- A State-of-the-Art of Exoskeletons in Line with the WHO's Vision on Healthy Aging: From Rehabilitation of Intrinsic Capacities to Augmentation of Functional Abilities.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Pooled it
- Effect of robotic exoskeleton training on lower limb function, activity and participation in stroke patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Corticospinal Responses Following Gait-Specific Training in Stroke Survivors: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Effects of control strategies on gait in robot-assisted post-stroke lower limb rehabilitation: a systematic review.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2022Pooled it
- Efficacy of robotic exoskeleton for gait rehabilitation in patients with subacute stroke : a systematic review.European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Combined Use of EMG and EEG Techniques for Neuromotor Assessment in Rehabilitative Applications: A Systematic Review.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Pooled it
- Effect of robotic-assisted gait training on objective biomechanical measures of gait in persons post-stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2021Pooled it
- Systematic review on wearable lower-limb exoskeletons for gait training in neuromuscular impairments.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2021Pooled it
- Electromechanical-assisted training for walking after stroke.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- A Systematic Review Establishing the Current State-of-the-Art, the Limitations, and the DESIRED Checklist in Studies of Direct Neural Interfacing With Robotic Gait Devices in Stroke Rehabilitation.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2020Pooled it
- Can robot-assisted gait training improve walking and activity abilities in persons with spinal cord injury? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in neurologyPooled it
- Trial
- Effects of different intensity training with a lower limb exoskeleton robot on walking function in people with subacute stroke: a randomized controlled trial.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2026Trial
- Overground robotic exoskeleton vs conventional therapy in inpatient stroke rehabilitation: results from a pragmatic, multicentre implementation programme.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2025Trial
- Effectiveness of unilateral lower-limb exoskeleton robot on balance and gait recovery and neuroplasticity in patients with subacute stroke: a randomized controlled trial.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2024Trial
28 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe use of neurorobotic devices may improve gait recovery by entraining specific brain plasticity mechanisms, which may be a key issue for successful rehabilitation using such approach. We assessed whether the wearable exoskeleton, Ekso™, could get higher gait performance than conventional overground gait training (OGT) in patients with hemiparesis due to stroke in a chronic phase, and foster the recovery of specific brain plasticity mechanisms.
methodsWe enrolled forty patients in a prospective, pre-post, randomized clinical study. Twenty patients underwent Ekso™ gait training (EGT) (45-min/session, five times/week), in addition to overground gait therapy, whilst 20 patients practiced an OGT of the same duration. All individuals were evaluated about gait performance (10 m walking test), gait cycle, muscle activation pattern (by recording surface electromyography from lower limb muscles), frontoparietal effective connectivity (FPEC) by using EEG, cortico-spinal excitability (CSE), and sensory-motor integration (SMI) from both primary motor areas by using Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation paradigm before and after the gait training.
resultsA significant effect size was found in the EGT-induced improvement in the 10 m walking test (d = 0.9, p < 0.001), CSE in the affected side (d = 0.7, p = 0.001), SMI in the affected side (d = 0.5, p = 0.03), overall gait quality (d = 0.8, p = 0.001), hip and knee muscle activation (d = 0.8, p = 0.001), and FPEC (d = 0.8, p = 0.001). The strengthening of FPEC (r = 0.601, p < 0.001), the increase of SMI in the affected side (r = 0.554, p < 0.001), and the decrease of SMI in the unaffected side (r = - 0.540, p < 0.001) were the most important factors correlated with the clinical improvement.
conclusionsEkso™ gait training seems promising in gait rehabilitation for post-stroke patients, besides OGT. Our study proposes a putative neurophysiological basis supporting Ekso™ after-effects. This knowledge may be useful to plan highly patient-tailored gait rehabilitation protocols.
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov , NCT03162263 .
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.